HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Guest speaker leadership development Outline of Current Lecture I Your values II Family values III Demographics of adulthood IV Education V Features of emerging adulthood time of transition Arnett VI Physical development in early adulthood VII Cognitive development Piaget VIII Carol Gilligan IX Our society s love for early adulthood X Social norms XI Erikson s stage early adulthood XII Levinson research early adulthood XIII Adult attachment categories XIV Mental health XV Rape XVI Friendships in early adulthood XVII Love relationships XVIII Variations in family organization and structure XIX Becoming parents XX Changes in the division of household labor XXI Do all couples become parents XXII Unmarried couples XXIII Divorce Current Lecture I Your values a What are your own values b What are your goals in life c What career opportunities will be open to you d How are your values and goals similar to those of your parents and grandparents How are they different i Your values will be most similar to your parents values These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II II II II II II II Family values a Families do pass on values through generations b Age cohorts life experiences may alter them slightly though they remain much the same Demographics of adulthood a Post WWII baby boom brought about a rapid expansion in the nation s work force lots of professional positions opened up your parents had a lot more opportunity b As your generation reaches early adulthood there is much more competition for those positions c How important is a college education i Very important More young adults continue education beyond undergraduate degree Education today a More young adults continue education beyond high school and more recently beyond undergraduate degrees b Jobs more competitive than they were for the baby boom generation c Leave takers from college lack sense of direction Often they go back to college with work and life experience and succeed Features of emerging adulthood time of transition Arnett a Identity exploration love and work b Instability love work education Economic dependence on family extending for many c Self focused increasing autonomy d Feeling in between feel not yet fully adult e Age of possibilities optimism positive direction Physical development in early adulthood a Physical performance peaks in 20 s i Best speed and agility in athletes occurs between age 18 and 30 then begins to decline b Most young adults are very healthy i Young adults report the least illnesses and chronic health complaints ii Unhealthy habits established in childhood typically persist unhealthy food lack of exercise Cognitive development Piaget a Formal operational stage continues b Piaget does not define a new and separate stage of development at each phase of adulthood c We do have potential to continue to develop cognitively more systematic and sophisticated thinking d Is there a 5th post formal stage i No but as humans we have the ability to continue to develop get better at the work skills study skills we engage in More thinking Carol Gilligan a Men and women live in different moral domains a II II II XII II XIV Men justice approach i Define moral problems in terms of rights and rules follow policies rules are right b Women responsibility approach i Perceive morality as an obligation to avoid hurting others Our society loves early adulthood a Age consciousness i Has grown over the last 150 years ii People in the US view adulthood positively though young adulthood is favored over older age groups iii Society view women as aging faster than men though this is not true physically BUT the truth is the opposite Social norms a Social norms especially age norms define what is appropriate for people to do at various ages b Age graded systems have age specific roles defined by society In the US there are no specific roles required but there are expected age norms Life events a Turning points in people s lives b May be related to social norms i Becoming parents for example b May be independent of social norms i Events like war earthquake ii Change lives regardless of age gender Erikson s stage Early Adulthood a Intimacy vs isolation b Young adults form meaningful relationships with other young adults c May form long lasting partnership d If not young adults may become isolated lonely e Must balance intimacy commitment independence freedom avoid isolation must have good relationships yet maintain who you are focus on yourself Levinson research early adulthood MEN S RESEARCH a Male i Leaving the family ii Getting into the adult world iii Becoming independent iv Creating a structure for life that will be reviewed as the person ages v More on Levinson in Middle adulthood b Female i Not as much research done on women in early adulthood ii Women in the past were seen in terms of their reproductive role iii Today careers outside the home play significant role in self esteem identity iv Decrease in importance of marital status in women s roles and activities Adult attachment categories II II II II II II a From research on love relationships correlates with early childhood attachment b Secure attachment positive relationships c Avoidant attachment hesitant distance d Anxious attachment jealous demanding possessive less trusting Mental health a Good mental health requires that people adapt to life s fortunes i Ability to function well in social roles ii Subjective sense of well being iii Stress depends how a person defines life events iv Attitude self esteem sense of control social support Rape stressful life event a The stress of rape whether it is reported or not can cause long term emotional problems as well as physical illness b Society continues to place some blame on the victim Friendships in early adulthood a Men participate in activities with their friends i Often friendly competition b Women focus with friends relationships i Understanding and sharing feelings b Communications styles i Men prefer report talk ii Women prefer rapport talk Love relationships not on the exam a Romantic love passionate love eros b Affectionate love companionate love deep caring affection c Consummate love passion intimacy and commitment d If you have strong intimate relationships in infancy you ll have strong relationships in early adulthood contribute to when