HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Socialization II Parenting III Cultural differences IV Baumrind s parenting styles V Divorce VI Play VII Aggression VIII Toddler s Property Laws IX Erikson X Gender XI Sibling relationships Outline of Current Lecture I Physical Development II Cognitive Development Piaget III Children with disabilities IV Why inclusion for typically developing children V Children with special needs VI Language learning VII Second language learning VIII Emotional development IX Social development X Stress in children XI Children and fears XII Emotional and cognitive development influence each other XIII Gender cleavage XIV Gender stereotypes XV Moral development Kohlberg s Theory XVI Socio economic status and learning XVII Ethnicity and schools XVIII Advice for educators Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I II II II Physical Development Middle childhood 6 11 y o a Slow consistent growth through late childhood b Muscle mass and strength increase c Brain growth continues d Fine and large motor coordination increase e Physical activity exercise important f Health generally good good habits formed during middle child are going to last throughout adulthood child life specialists work with children in hospitals to look after their emotional developments impacts from illnesses Cognitive development Piaget a Period of Concrete Operations b Also called Concrete Operational Period c Children attain the ability to Conserve now they can solve those conservation problems and pay attention to the transformation of quantity into different shape Liquid is the same amount no matter which glass it is in Ten pennies are 10 no matter how far apart d Children in the Concrete Operational Stage i Are around 7 11 y o ii Enjoy learning iii Classify objects into different sets seriation iv Reason logically about concrete objects Information Processing Theory goes beyond Piaget looks at memory attention organization of knowledge b Metacognition thinking about thinking strategizing c Theory of Mind no longer egocentric no longer assume that others think the same way like the same things as them they can now understand ambiguous figures d Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Development scaffolding children can learn from others problem solving Children with disabilities a Public Law 94 142 IDEA Inclusion Law is part of the Americans with Disabilities Act b Children with special needs are to the extent possible integrated with typically developing children in schools to best support their learning and development c They are guaranteed a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment useful for each individual child but under certain disabilities that the child has this integrated environment might not be best d Why inclusion for children with disabilities i Experience typical learning environment ii Develop social interaction skills with peers iii Expand expressive and receptive language iv Learn to work and play independently v Have fun and make friends vi Become more independent and better able to function in an integrated society Why inclusion for typically developing children with children with disabilities only adults are concerned children don t mind interacting with others with difficulties a Develop awareness and acceptance of differences II II II II IX b Learn how and when to help c Grow up accepting people with disabilities as valuable members of society d Make new friends e Progress academically as well or better than children in non inclusive classroom Children with special needs a Autism spectrum ADHD learning disabilities processing disorders emotional disorders fetal alcohol syndrome etc b Also gifted children impact of both heredity and environment uneven development Language learning a Vocabulary grows brain s organization of language grows all areas of linguistics grow b Development of reading and writing are related better to interconnect these areas for children to learn more effectively c Whole language approach content approach creative writing d Phonetic approach reading spelling e Children need combination of both Second language learning a Middle childhood sensitive period for 2nd language learning b Best to continue to expose children to 2nd language in order to develop it well c Bilingual education when English is a child s 2nd language supporting learning in both the home language and English are supported by research important they need the translation back and forth to their own language to develop their skills Emotional Development Erikson a Industry vs Inferiority b 6 10 or 11 years of age c Many new experience d Children enthusiastic about learning tend to be happy and confident very social e Expansive imagination f Problems occur if child is not stimulated and feels incompetent and unproductive when not challenged enough Will fall on the inferior side if they receive a cycle of negative feedback from others no encouragements decrease social skills organizational disabilities g Supporting self esteem i If low identify the cause support confidence ii Provide emotional support social approval iii Help children achieve teach skills needed iv Help children cope with not avoid problems Support self efficacy belief that one can master situations succeed enter a positive cycle of interactions v Support self regulation manage one s own feelings and behaviors Social Development a Person Perception developsi Awareness of the inner disposition of others develops aware if someone is a good person ii iii II II II XIII XIV Children understand social relationships Choose friends based on what they are like rather than appearance she s a good friend because she shares and she waits for me b Peer relationships assume vital role in development i Provide place to exercise independence from adult controls not supervised ii Offer experience with relationships on equal footing with others iii Provide social institution in which position of children is not marginal iv Allow for transmission of informal knowledge fads slang etc c Peer status i Neglected loners bad social skills don t pick up on others cues get ignored ii Rejected disliked by others have behaviors that cause others to not want to be around him her mean bossy etc iii Controversial does bad things but is liked by others because is still funny helpful etc ex