HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Mind meld II Early notions of adolescence in western societies III Adoescence to grow old into adulthood IV Adolescence around the world V Digital media in adolescents lives VI Biological changes VII Girls maturation VIII Boys maturation IX Social changes X High school stereotypes or quest for identity XI At risk behaviors XII Some adolescent statistics XIII Adolescent eating disorders XIV Teenage mothers XV Media impact Outline of Current Lecture I Review a Early childhood b Middle and later childhood c Adolescence Current Lecture I Early Childhood a Know Piaget s stage that correlates to this age group Pre Operational Age 2 7 i Symbolic thinking Understanding of words and ii images in mind that represents objects and things they see iii Egocentrism ends around 8 10 years old iv Hands on activities classrooms etc as the best way for them to learn v Constructivism b Piaget Conservation why preschooler have trouble and grade school age kids can solve only center their attention to one state at a time centering c Erikson s stages that correlate with this stage i Initiative vs Guilt 4 5 y o growth in emotional self control and social skillssharing cooperative play instrumental aggression goal directed aggression These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II ii Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt 2 3 y o toddlers independence b 7 Developmental areas cognitive language social emotional creative fine motor large motor be able to list them c Importance of play It s how children learn as well as express what they know Tells us what they know what they are worried about gives them the opportunity to try things out d Parten s 6 types of play unoccupied not engaged onlooker watching others before trying things themselves solitary alone parallel toddlers 3 y o each need their own toys materials but play with each other associative 3 y oplaying together and sharing but unplanned cooperative 4 5 y o social engagement and planning of play together e Gardner s 8 types of intelligence i linguistic ii logical mathematical iii Kinesthetic iv Musical v Natural nature biological topics vi inter personal vii intra personal viii spatial ix favored modes of learning for each individual memorize this list b Aggression info from lecture i Hostile Aggression intent to damage self esteem true bullying kids are old enough to understand self esteem of others can be physical verbal ii Instrumental Aggression a goal directed attack or expression of frustration physical verbal intent to get something that s needed wanted b Bilingual learning i Prime time for brain to learn second language earlier is better CHOMSKYwe were born with the ability to learn the language we re supposed to learn at birth b Information processing how a child focuses their attention c Theory of mind ones awareness of their own mental processing crayon box example think about thinking cope with own fears Middle and later childhood a Supporting creativity hands on materials respect children s ideas b Piaget Concrete Operational Stage c Kohlberg moral development childhood stages pre conventional conventional reasoning d Erikson Industry vs Inferiority Self efficacy self regulation e Parenting styles and effects on children i Permissive child is always testing the limits to see if parent would let them get by kids behavior tend to get worse because no one stops them ii Authoritarian harsh spanking threats lots of adult control preschoolers can stop dangerous behavior but don t know how to control themselves in the II future only follow rules only adult in control is present so will break the rules in their absence iii Authoritative best style kids know you love them even though you don t like their behaviors sometimes consequences that fit their behaviors toddlers are seeking more independence when they want to do things their way teaches kids to have self control telling them what to do instead of telling them what not to do b Intelligence tests cultural contexts not always appropriate for all children i A way to measure what children know cognitively ii Not the best way to measure intelligence development b Divorce and its effects on children i About 50 kids in US have divorced parents ii Keep a good relationship with both parents best outcome for child b Peer groups 4 roles peer groups play from lecture notes i Letting them gain more independence ii Experience relationship on equal terms w o hovering adults iii Provide social institutions for informal knowledge to be passed iv Provide environment where children are not marginal b Gender roles age 2 3 don t really self select genders 4 6 y o would gender segregate c Peer statusi Popular everyone likes to play with them good social skills nice i Average i Neglected loners poor social skills don t cue in to other kids play bad at social cues ii Rejected actions cause them to be disliked by others mean hurtful bully iii controversial can be disruptive and bad but also funny and warm a Learning disabilities and Inclusion Law i IDEA act started during civil rights movement ii Children should have opportunity to be educated in the least restricted environment iii Guaranteed free appropriate public education Adolescence a Physical growth in puberty hormonal changes growth spurt asynchrony uneven growth b Maturation boys and girls girls go through changes puberty 2 years earlier c Gender differences and learning gender roles stereotypes there seems to be less gender stereotypes in adolescence since you can think more abstractly rite of passage marked that you ve moved into adulthood gender cleavage i Girls should have cooperative class time because they will do better b Identity information and influences relationships with parents values are similar with parents values c Imaginary audience preoccupied with what others think looks at themselves in the mirror often a b a b c a b Erikson Identity vs Identity Confusion i Do not need to know the breakdown of this stage Piaget Formal Operational Personal fable self importance natural because adolescence are going through lots of change Invincibility fable thinking that nothing bad can happen so risks are okay At risk behaviors anorexia bulimia alcohol drugs depression Teen pregnancy best outcome to finish school Top causes of death accidents homicide suicide