HDFS 105 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 9 15 Lecture 9 February 18 Early Childhood Development What are the 7 developmental areas How is intelligence measured What are Gardner s types of intelligence Explain Piaget s pre operational stage conservation Explain the importance of play 7 developmental areas Large motor strength limbs torso balance Fine motor hands fingers eye hand coordination Cognitive thinking and problem solving skills Language speaking writing communication Creative self expression creative thinking arts using what is known and express it in new creative ways Social cooperation relationships taking turns Emotional attachment self esteem self control leads to good behavior Measuring intelligence cultural contexts not always appropriate for all children IQ tests use a single number to describe several areas of intelligence compares with others of same age not very good for preschoolers everyone is on their own developmental curve independent scale Developmental Portfolios use observation samples anecdoctal reports to document individual child s growth and progress good but time consuming samples of their scribbles drawings observing each child s improvements Milestone checklists use benchmarks based on the average child at a given age and compare Howard Gardner Types of Intelligence Specific skills areas people are good at not everyone learn best the same way Linguistic Logical mathematical Spatial Musical Bodily kinesthetic Interpersonal good with collaboration with others Intrapersonal know themselves well and what they are best at Naturalist nature and biological sciences Piaget Pre operational stage 2nd stage Age 2 7 Children develop language capability Children develop symbolic thinking ability Children learn from exposure to materials in their environment Children learn through hands on manipulation of materials assigning symbols to what they know Egocentrism can t share other s perspectives yet everything in the world is focused on them affects social skills in early childhood years Conservation o Understanding that the quantity or amount of something stays the same when it changes in shape or appearance o Most preschooler s can t do this yet Why not they don t pay attention to transformation change ex They think that the same amount of water put into a taller glass has more water o Centering they focus on 1 feature of a situation at a time Lecture 10 February 23 How are the behaviors of boys and girls influenced Besides some exceptions behavior and emotions of boys and girls are influenced by our sexist society fulfilling stereotypes Toy companies pay attention to what the kids want typically boys like action figures and girls like dolls Sexist parenting boys are left to cry longer to toughen them up Biologically wired to be different Difference in sense of direction Women rely on landmarks and have better memory for details men rely on general directions Innate behaviors due to hormones testosterone estrogen Newborns males are more startled females would suck on their thumb and move their lips more Evolution Women have better fine motor skills and men are better at seeing things at 3 dimensions video games sports Females are more nurturing more sensitive to sound and are better at reading people s emotions and tending a baby s needs picking up non verbal cues On average men have more upper body strength than women strength tests are never equal for men and women Lecture 11 February 25 What are the characteristics of supplemental care What are the quality indicators in childcare What is the day care trilemma Characteristics of supplemental care In home care when childcare provider comes to home and takes care of the kids when parents are at work busy childcare provider tends to be older females and have typically no professional training and educational background adult oriented hazards in the house typically 1 1 adult to child ratio from 6 10 hours a day no structured activities Family day care home family day care provider who decides the child care business in a certain home tends to be younger women 25 30 y o with some experience and educational background young women who have a child of their own but don t want to let other people take care of their kid don t want to go back to work with little income converts home into a family daycare home Nursery school preschool children would come for a short amount of time to socialize younger women childcare professionals with formal education and training with experience physical environment are child centered so no adult oriented hazards wide diversity of children peers highly structured with specific schedules planned activities Child care day care center child centered setting lots of planned activities children are there from 8 10 hours day and typically 5 days week extended hours Children consume most of their calorie intake in day care child care providers tend to be young and less educated high turn over of care providers but kids are there for a long period of time Quality indicators in child care Structural indicators o Used to regulate child care settings o To guide program development o Easily quantifiable Looks at adult child ratios Ideally lower ratio since adult mediates the children s experiences so can t have too many adults because children become dependent ideal 1 adult for every 4 babies Group size how many children in the program total and how many in each classroom smaller tend to be better ideal group of babies 5 6 babies toddlers 12 15 Staff stability how long are the staff present for the program developing secure attached relationships for the children so they need the same staff for a long period Staff education training degrees credentials Global indicators o Measurement procedures that provide overall assessment o Trained raters spend a few days to rate the different aspects of program o Ex ITERS ECERS widely used global ratings used Process indicators o Focus on processes what goes on in the program how staff interact with children what kind of communication do staff have with parents families etc o Difficult to assess labor intensive process requires well trained staff o Research on developmental outcomes o NAEYC accreditation national utilizes all 3 indicators year long process to do self study Day care trilemma Quality high quality Compensation what are you going to pay childcare teachers They are very underpaidminimum wage Affordability how much are you willing to pay