HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Life s Greatest Miracle documentary film A Definition of important terms Outline of Current Lecture I Birth A Parent infant bonding B Possible birth complications and risks II The newborn infant A Sensory capacities B Wolff s states of consciousness C Feeding D Reflexes E SIDS F Teratogens G Circumcision Current Lecture I Labor A Muscles of uterus rhythmically contract pushing the infant downward toward the vagina best when head first B Cervix relaxes becomes shorter and wider allowing infant to pass through C Averages about 14 hours first baby about 8 hours second or subsequent some can be as little as 2 hours long or as long as 36 hours long II Unusual Presentations A Transverse breech baby coming feet first or bottom first will require C section and to cut through wall of uterus B Posterior face up Sunny Side Up more pain for mother C These can create additional discomfort for mother as this is not the most compact way out for the baby D Transverse presentation may require Caesarian Section III Birth These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute A Delivery begins as the head passes through the cervix B Ends when the baby has completed passage through the birth canal C Usually takes 20 to 80 minutes IV Afterbirth A The placenta separates from the uterus and is expelled requires a few more contractions and pushing would cause infection if placenta is still inside B Cuts umbilical cord etc C Usually takes about 20 minutes V Apgar Scoring System A Describes normalcy of baby s condition at birth B 5 conditions evaluated i Body color ii Heart rate iii Reflexes iv Respiration v Muscle tone if rigid may be addicted to cocaine and other developmental problems vi Brazelton scale very similar system VI Prepared childbirth A Natural childbirth variety of approaches that stress preparation of parents for active involvement in process in 1940 s this referred to mother being awake not drugged B Today prepared childbirth training and pain relieving remedies are used together parents make choices goal is to reduce fear anxiety pain will not cause side effects to baby C LeMaze method is one example VII Parent Infant Bonding A Advantage of mother being awake and father present instant bonding face toface contact brings forward cycle of love and care impacts the baby s cognitive abilities and attachment B Research shows that bonding will happen anyway if father does not make it to hospital in time mother under anesthesia due to emergency C section adoption VIII Birthing Accommodations A Midwifery B Home birth with midwife available C Doula labor coach at hospital to support mom s emotional needs D Birthing rooms E Family involvement and classes F Birth in warm water pool more comfort for baby IX Baby s birth experience A Research of Frederick LeBoyer led to today s more humane practices regarding baby s comfort Published Birth Without Violence in early 1970 s B Treat baby as if it is aware of everything going on around it at birth C Baby can feel warmth cold D Baby can feel pain suffer trauma X Possible complications A Caesarean section mother s pelvis too small baby positioned abnormally B Umbilical cord wrapped around baby C Baby s heart rate unusual D Baby ingests meconium meconium first bowel movement if remains inside mom could cause infection E Use of suction forceps if baby s heart is stopping F Complication from inherited diseases If known neonatal team would be waiting to accommodate the baby right after birth XI At risk infants A Babies born prematurely are at risk for a variety of life threatening complications B The smaller the infant the greater the risk C Much intervention is possible in today s neonatal intensive care units where in previous generations premature babies would have died XII Fatherhood A Are father s sympathy pains real No but they are psychologically possible B Father s nesting industriousness just before the birth C Father s role in parenting infants XIII The Newborn Infant Newborn s Sensory Capacities Visual A Can focus and see contrast in first week B Respond to different levels of light C Prefer bright moving objects patterns D Prefer large unfamiliar objects E Pay more attention to complex objects F Will look at mother s face longer than a stranger s face as early as 2 weeks old XIV Newborn s Sensory Capacities Auditory A Can coordinate listening and looking B Turn heads to see where sounds occur C Move bodies in synchrony to speech XV Newborn s Sensory Capacities Olfactory A Produce change in respiration when exposed to certain odors B Prefer the smell of mother s breast milk to that another woman s in research trials XVI Newborn s Sensory Capacities Gustatory A Can discriminate sweet bitter sour salty this is thought to be true even before birth B Suck more slowly when given the sweet solution XVII Newborn s Sensory Capacities Touch A Sense of touch present while still in womb B It was once thought the female infants were more sensitive to touch but research shows that there is no difference between male and female neonates XVIII Definitions A Infancy the first two years of life B Neonate the first two to four weeks after birth XIX Sleep A Newborns sleep 16 or more hours per day B Roughly in 4 hour cycles about 3 hours asleep and 1 hour awake XX Wolff s Newborn State of Consciousness A Regular sleep B Irregular sleep C Drowsiness D Alert activity awake but still inactive E Crying most alert state F Brazelton s states are slightly different in name though the same in activity level XXI Crying A Crying is how babies communicate B Cries differ in i Pitch ii Rhythm iii Duration iv Cries convey messages hunger discomfort tired frustration XXII Feeding the infant A Newborns eat 8 to 14 times per day B Self demanding feeding parents should feed a baby when it is hungry XXIII Breast Feeding READ ARTICLE ONLINE ABOUT BREASTFEEDING A Offers close physical contact B C D E Is practical cheap ready Provides immunities to allergy disease Linked with possible higher intelligence May lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer in the mother XXIV Bottle Feeding A Mother has more physical freedom B Father can be more involved C Need to feed less often D Many healthy formulas exist today E Article posted on compass2g How to Build a Baby s Brain and Rooting for Intelligence XXV Reflexes in Newborn A Moro startle reflex