HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I Current context for child care II Types of child development programs III Characteristics of supplemental care IV Quality indicators in child care A Structural indicators B Global indicators C Process indicators V Day care trilema VI NICHD study of early child care and youth development Outline of Current Lecture I Socialization II Parenting III Cultural differences IV Baumrind s parenting styles V Divorce VI Play VII Aggression VIII Toddler s Property Laws IX Erikson X Gender XI Sibling relationships Current Lecture I Socialization A The process of transmitting culture and transforming children into functioning members of society B The family is the first setting for socialization II Parenting A Baumrind s research B Love oriented techniques foster self control and responsibility C Hostility interferes with development of conscience and breeds aggression and resistance to authority spanking is decreasing III Cultural differences These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV II A Cultures differ in approach to child rearing practice Ex In Africa parents are harsh and children listen because to them it s how to stay alive B Child care providers using Developmentally Appropriate Practice as prescribed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC often encounter family practices that may conflict to some degree with their guidance practice at school Baumrind s parenting styles A Authoritative best way i Research establishes this style as producing the most positive outcomes for children to learn self control and good decision making ii High in responsiveness messages delivered with love reasons given for rules and consequences to keep you safe because we love you iii High in demandingness firm limits are established and parents are consistent B Authoritarian i Research suggests that this style damages children s self esteem and teaches them to fear punishment rather than make decisions based on their humanitarian treatment of others ii Low in responsiveness high in demandingness iii Scolding spanking Do it now because I said so Adults are controlling and harsh iv Children who are hit learn to hit others to solve problems and only teaches children how to avoid being hurt C Indulgent permissive by choice i Parents spoil the child and make excuses for their inappropriate behaviors Children do not learn self control or good decision making nothing is ever their fault blames everything on others ii High in responsiveness and low in demandingness iii Children without limits will test adults trying to establish what is acceptable behavior iv It is difficult to develop empathy in this system B Neglectful permissive by default i This style is characterized by parents so overwhelmed with life s problems that they don t find time to show affection or set and maintain limits for their children ii Low in responsiveness low in demandingness iii Children behave badly to try to get the attention of the parents gets a consistent message that their parents do not care about them B These are characterized by their respective levels of responsiveness love oriented and demandingness enforced limits and rules Meant to guide children so that they know you care children feel safer and respect you more when there are rules and limits Divorce A Children exhibit fairly high resilience to divorce when the parents are harmonious all they need are good role models VI VII B Children adapt fairly well to shared custody living with one parent visitation with the other etc as long as the parents don t fight and use the children to manipulate one another C The best outcome for children is to have a positive relationship with both parents Play a How does play contribute to a child s development b Cognition and language c Social skill d Emotional well being e Parten s 6 types of play i Unoccupied play wandering aimlessly ii Solitary play involved in play though alone iii Onlooker play interested and watching others iv Parallel play playing beside peers with like toys v Associative play sharing materials harmonious vi Cooperative play planning and organizing play scenarios with peers Usually seen in older preschoolers 4 and 5 year old children Aggression a It is normal for children to display aggression at times as they grow b Boys more likely to display physical aggression c Girls more likely to display verbal aggression also called Relational Aggression You re not my friend d Is this inborn or do we teach this through our treatment of children when they are young e Causes of aggression i Developmental lag in child s role taking skills ii Aggressive role models iii Situations that encourage competition not cooperation at a young age iv Frustration with own ability to cope with social demands f Instrumental aggression i A goal directed attack to get attention toys to test one s own social power ii Instrumental aggression is typical when preschool children are cared for in groups iii Instrumental aggression is a normal reaction to strong needs frustration growing social demands iv Instrumental aggression physical and verbal b Hostile aggression i Aggressive acts performed with intent to harm another person s self esteem ii Bullying is an example of hostile aggression iii Hostile aggression puts others down because it feels good to hurt not to get one s own way iv Hostile aggression physical and verbal v Red flags indicating hostile aggression 1 Damaging property VIII IX X II 2 Torturing animals Toddler Property Laws a If I like it its mine b If its in my hand its mine c If I can take it from you its mine d If I had it a little while ago its mine e If its mine it must never appear to be yours in any way f If I m doing or building something all the pieces are mine g If it looks just like mine it is mine h If we understand development toddlers are all about independence I ll do it myself on my own time when I decide to when I m ready Erikson a Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt age 2 i Expressing need for independence ii Holding on to emotions for a time iii Do not over protect over control iv Offer choices that toddlers can successfully manage b Initiative vs Guilt age 3 5 i More gains in independence ii Interest in peers being part of a group iii Explore how they can affect others iv Imaginative play develops cooperative play v Sex role