HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture II Research with infants III Research with preschool aged children IV Parent reports V Conclusion Outline of Current Lecture I Review Current Lecture I Development Growth Maturation Learning II Developmental Domains Physical changes in the body Cognitive changes in mental activities problem solving language etc Psycho social personality emotions ability to have relationships as you grow III Developmental Theorists Piaget learning cognitive mental abilities are combined results from enivironment and interactions Erikson psychosocial development personality develops across universal stages Vygotsky SOCIAL interactions are linked to cognitive development IV Know the stages of development infancy V Know Freud PSYCHOSEXUAL as psychoanaylitic theorist No need to know stages VI Nature vs Nuture Environment vs Heredity controversy VII Research methods Longitudinal over course of many years Cross Sectional different age groups Case Study long term study of just one person Experimental manipulation of variables to find a cause Social Survey Naturalistic Observation observe without interactions Cross Cultural comparing two cultures VIII Age cohorts Adolescence defined in late 19th century in the US everyone in my age range society Age is a reference point in all cultures IX Normative age graded influenced relationship to your chronological age normative history graded influences unique for each age cohort ex WWII 9 11 non normative life events significant only to you as an individual ex House caught on fire death of a parent of the child X Conception and Prenatal terms defined in lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute XI Amniocentesis prenatal procedure where sample of amniotic fluid is drawn through a needle to test for present birth defects Ultrasound high frequency sound wave translated into an image not invasive for fetus XII Stages of prenatal growth Germinal growth of zygote mytosis begins 10 days 2weeks Embryonic rapid growth and cell division early appearance of organs Fetal longest 9 th week 9 month major organs continue to develop brain development what happens in each stage XIII Fallopian tube sperm fertilizes egg here XIV Stages of Birth Process Labor muscles physically contracting Birth head passes cervix until fully out Afterbirth XV Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal development of the fetus XVI Apgar scoring system body color heart rate muscle tone reflexes Brazelton also has a scale but know the Apgar criteria XVII Midwife healthcare professional help delivery and postpartum period at home Doula LeBoyer humane childbirth practice feel warm cold pain trauma Caesarean section If moms pelvic canal is too small or umbilical cord is wrapped around baby or difficult position XVIII Infancy 1st two years of life Neonatal period after birth same as postnatal prenatal before birth XIX Wolff s states of consciousness sleep drousiness sleepy baby alert awake but quiet and comfortably looking around crying most active state XX Sensation reception of info by sensory organs smell touch and Perception what your brain does with the info your brain took in withdrawing your hand from something hot know the difference XXI Object Permanence understanding that even though cant see it something continues to exist baby will cry when parent leaves because knows parent is there still XXII Piaget 1st stage sensorimotor period reflexes coordination of motor actvities and perception and Erikson s stages of infancy trust vs mistrust baby learns she will receive respond from caregiver cries so caregiver will come Also she can elicit that respond no attachment relationship Piaget assimilation and accommodation definitions XXIII Vigotsky learn faster through interactions with parents with encouragements toys XXIV Reflexes in infancy Moro startled reflex stepping if held upright will do walking movement swimming baby will look like its swimming if in water Babinski spread toes if tickled sucking baby will suck if something is put in mouth rooting if cheek is brushed will turn his head that way grasping grasp if something is put in palm XXV Language development acquisition function infant directed speech parentese good for babies when we exaggerate pitch and tone Bilingualism best time to learn early childhood XXVI Toddler speech telegraphic nouns and verbs only language of 2 year olds XXVII Breast feeding benefits research on link with intelligence XXVIII Noam Chomsky s research inborn language acquisition device human brain is equipped to detect features and rules of language XXIX Emotional development Temperament 3 types easy difficult slow to warm up Attachment XXX Abuse non accidental physical and Neglect absence of physical care know the difference Depressed mothers absent role models affects cognitive language emotional devel XXXI Visual cliff experiments and depth perception Social Referencing happy mom baby crawled over XXXII Father s role in child development changes over time fathers now more involved