HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Birth A Parent infant bonding B Possible birth complications and risks II The newborn infant a Sensory capacities b Wolff s states of consciousness c Feeding d Reflexes e SIDS f Teratogens g Circumcision Outline of Current Lecture I Infancy Language Development II Infancy Psycho social Development Current Lecture I Infancy Language development A Piaget s first stage of development infancy Sensorimotor Period i Begins with reflexes not planned and then baby notices more about the environment and acknowledge the world around them ii Coordination of motor activity and perception iii Infant begins to view world as permanent place object permanence objects exist though they can t always be seen ex Baby cries in order to cause parent to come back since baby is aware that parent exists and is constant baby understands object permanence when she is interested In playing peek a boo iv Baby s brain creates schemes to understand the world around her putting information that they learn into categories and have mental representations to organize knowledge v Mental representations that organize knowledge continues to exist as we grow could possibly cause us to have biases vi Assimilation uses existing themes to deal with new experiences vii Accommodation adjust scheme to take new experience into account viii Piaget constructivist mindset through exposure to environment B Vygotsky s Socio linguistic Theory These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Learning especially language learning happens in a social context Children learn through interactions with parents other caregivers and as they grow through social interactions with other children B How can parents impact language development i Talk to your children Sing play etc interacting with them is most effective ii Language stimulation through frequent human interaction is crucial for the development of language skills also for healthy development of cognitive abilities social skills and emotional well being everything is interdependent B Functional importance of language i Language contributes to communication and facilitates thought ii Language and thought shape one another Vygotsky uses internal language to figure things out and learn new material iii Caretaker Speech Motherese Parentese baby talk is important newborns can hear higher pitch tones and voices better also important to pause and let the baby communicate back first occurrence of turn taking B Research of Noam Chomsky i Language is an innate in born capability ii Human brains are equipped with an inborn Language Acquisition Device iii Children will learn the language they are exposed to at birth iv Language acquisition device enables children to detect features and rules of language B Language as communication i Language is one form of message transmission ii Body language non verbal communication Children follow familiar adults patterns in body language iii Paralanguage babies babbling copies the changes in pitch volume expressiveness in adult language B Sequence of infant language development i Cooing and babbling 3 6 months ii First words 10 13 months iii Two word sentences 18 22 months iv Telegraphic Speech the language of two year olds Mostly nouns and verbs B Bilingual children i Children will learn languages spoken to them ii The best time to learn a second language is in early childhood languages can just be easily embedded when you re little but when you re older you need to work more to make connections between the languages iii Refer to brain research in How to Build a Baby s Brain Newsweek II Infancy Psycho Social Development A Socio emotional development i Development of feelings and social bonds ii Emotion physiological changes subjective experiences and expressive behaviors that involve feelings how we feel and words we could use to label B C D B B B those feelings how to soothe ourselves when we feel certain stressful emotions 3 functions of emotions i Adaptive processes that enhance survival ii Emotions influence cognitive activity iii Emotions support and influence interactions with others If we feel stressed we won t perform effectively Social referencing i Infants by 10 months of age use the expression of others to appraise events and regulate their behavior ii Example parents acts frightened of storm young child becomes afraid iii Preschool child falls off tricycle parent reacts with concern child cries If parent is not upset child gets back on tricycle iv Visual Cliff Experiment depth perception and if mother poses a smile or other encouraging expressions the child will more likely to crawl over even though the visual perception shows a steep fall Baby looks around to see reactions of others in order to follow through their actions Temperament i Behavior style ii Characteristic way of responding iii Does temperament change as we grow Researchers disagree iv Thomas and Chess temperament types 1 Easy Slow to Warm Up Difficult ii These basic dispositions underlie the behavior of infants children and adults Erikson s Theory i Attachment bond between infant and primary caregivers affects children s success in adulthood ii Trust vs mistrust Erikson s infant stage baby learns that she can elicit a response from caregiver She begins to trust that the caregiver will respond She learns to trust and forms attachment to caregivers Negative impact on emotional development i Depressed mothers absent role models ii If caregivers stop interacting babies become stressed withdrawn iii Language learning cognitive learning and emotional stability are affected iv Orphans with little interaction with caregivers are at risk lacks stimulation Abuse and neglect i Abuse non accidental physical attack on or injury to a child by those responsible for him her ii Neglect absence of adequate social emotional or physical care iii Both are detrimental to children s emotional well being and overall development