HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I Defining theory development and culture II Major domains of development III Theories of development and the people who are associated with each theory Current Lecture I Theories of Development A What is a theory i A systematic set of accepted assumptions or principals that explain certain events B What does a theory do i Organizes observations in meaningful way ii Guides further research C What do developmental theories explain i Nature vs nurture ii How does development occur iii Why are people the way they are II Definitions A Development changes that occur over time hereditary and environmental influences i Ex 1 Hereditary you have genes for small muscles 2 Environment you work out and develop moderate muscles B Culture social heritage of a people i Learned patterns of thinking feeling acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next ii Social expectations define appropriate and inappropriate behavior at various III Major domains of development A Physical development i Growth maturation B Cognitive i Learning C Psychosocial development These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Emotional personality change IV Biological A Growth increase in size that occurs with age B Maturation automatic biological changes that occur This happens in a set irreversible sequence i Ability to crawl then walk ii Getting teeth iii Young women beginning menstruation V Cognitive A Learning changes in behavior and thought as a result of environmental influences i Balancing a check book ii Learning a second language iii Finding this class on the first day VI Socio Emotional A Relationships changes in emotion or personality affects interactions and feelings i Affection we feel for others ii Toddlers aggressive behavior iii Infants smiling at parents VII Timing of developmental events A Normative age graded influences i Relationship to chronological age B Normative history graded influences i Unique for each age cohort C Non normative life events i Significance for individuals not associated with age history don t necessarily happen to everyone could be positive VIII Historical definitions of age groups over time A Middle ages no concept of childhood B Adolescence defined in US late 19th cen child labor laws school legislation C Retirement what are some current changes in our society s trends in retirement Thanks to modern medicine technology IX Developmental theories frameworks X Psychoanalytic psychosocial theory A Sigmund Freud B Erik Erikson C How and why i Personality develops across universal stages ii At each stage person confronts developmental task iii A normal personality depends on success in traversing each stage XI Learning theories A Pavlov B Principals of classical conditioning i Behavior Is learned ii iii Learning involves series of stimuli and responses There are unconditional and conditional stimuli and responses XII Cognitive theory A Jean Piaget B How and why i Individuals mental abilities XIII Ethological theory sociobiology A Konrad Lorenz and Edward Wilson B Behavior is a product of evolution and is biologically determined C We are preprogrammed XIV Sociocultural Theory A Lev Vygotsky B Focuses on guidance and structure provided by larger social context C Guided participation D Zone of proximal development XV Ecological Perspective A Uri Brofenbrenner B Individuals develop within a system of relationships or contexts i Microsystem ii Mesosystem iii Exosystem iv Macrosystem v Chronosystem your life transitions history XVI Life span Perspective A Ways to view development i Lifelong ii Multidimensional biological socio emotional cognitive iii Multidirectional important issues change as we age iv Plastic capacity for change v Multidisciplinary all areas of social science are interrelated vi Contextual