HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Review for Exam 1 Outline of Current Lecture I Seven developmental areas II Physical changes III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Measuring intelligence Howard Gardner Types of Intelligence Piaget Language development 3 types of theories Informational processing Theory of mind Terms from linguistics Preschooler s learning Current Lecture I 7 developmental areas A Large motor strength limbs torso balance B Fine motor hands fingers eye hand coordination C Cognitive thinking and problem solving skills D Language speaking writing communication E Creative self expression creative thinking arts using what is known and express it in new creative ways F Social cooperation relationships taking turns G Emotional attachment self esteem self control leads to good behavior II Physical changes A Growth rate slows after infancy B Proximodistal and cephalocaudal development continue impact fine and large motor skills C Body slims trunk lengthens head still a bit large for body D Growth patterns vary both heredity and environmental influences E Good nutrition and exercise important II Measuring intelligence These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV V VI II A IQ tests use a single number to describe several areas of intelligence compares with others of same age not very good for preschoolers everyone is on their own developmental curve independent scale B Developmental Portfolios use observation samples anecdoctal reports to document individual child s growth and progress good but time consuming samples of their scribbles drawings observing each child s improvements C Milestone checklists use benchmarks based on the average child at a given age and compare Howard Gardner Types of Intelligence Specific skills areas people are good at not everyone learn best the same way a Linguistic b Logical mathematical c Spatial d Musical e Bodily kinesthetic f Interpersonal good with collaboration with others g Intrapersonal know themselves well and what they are best at h Naturalist nature and biological sciences Piaget a Pre operational stage 2nd stage Age 2 7 b Children develop language capability c Children develop symbolic thinking ability d Children learn from exposure to materials in their environment e Children learn through hands on manipulation of materials assigning symbols to what they know f Egocentrism can t share other s perspectives yet everything in the world is focused on them affects social skills in early childhood years g Conservation i Understanding that the quantity or amount of something stays the same when it changes in shape or appearance ii Most preschooler s can t do this yet Why not they don t pay attention to transformation change ex They think that the same amount of water put into a taller glass has more water iii Centering they focus on 1 feature of a situation at a time Language Development 3 types of theories a Nativist Chomsky inborn ability b Behaviorist learn through positive and negative feedback systems gets praised when they say a new word and they repeat the word more c Socio linguistic Vygotsky children learn through interaction with more experienced peers and with adults Zone of Proximal Development simply exposing them to the sound of language on television etc is not enough they must physically interact with others and have an actual conversation back and forth i Language and thought support one another Information processing a II II II Based on Piaget and Vygotsky s theories i How a child attends to select certain information sustains attention decides what to focus attention on ii Learning to control and sustain attention supports school readiness Theory of mind a Awareness of one s own mental processes b This changes through early childhood c Helps children understand their own emotions earlier years they don t have selfsoothing techniques d Helps guide behavior e It is thought that children with autism have difficulty developing theory of mind understanding others emotions beliefs Terms from linguistics a Phonology sounds we use and combine b Morphology meaning of words forms nouns plurals verb endings prepositions c Pragmatics use of language in various contexts yesterday tomorrow change speech style to fit the situation d Syntax rules for phrases order of words e Semantics meaning of words Preschooler s learning a How can we encourage development of language analytical thinking and reasoning in preschool children i Play with them Read to them Listen to their ideas Offer real hands on openended experiences Offer varied materials for them to explore b What do children learn at preschool and daycare i They should be stimulated and offered activities providing experience and opportunity to grow and develop in all 7 developmental areas ii Academic ideas are included but learning happens through play and experience iii Drill and practice activities worksheets are inappropriate methods for preschool children b Dramatic play i Pretend play with peers provides opportunities for growth in 1 Social skills and negotiation 2 Language and communication 3 Imagination 4 Creativity 5 Opportunities to work out real life problems and concerns through scenarios b Playground provides opportunities for growth in i Large muscle development ii Strength and coordination iii Balance iv Social skills b b b b b b v Creativity vi Confidence self esteem taking new risks Blocks and building toys provides opportunities for growth in i Eye hand coordination ii Hand and finger strength helps with writing iii Social skills collaboration iv Classifying and patterning math skills v Language and communication vi Imagination and creativity vii Planning and problem solving Water and sand play provides opportunities for growth in i Fine motor skills ii Tactile perception iii Discovery of physical properties of materials iv Classification math v Social skills vi Language and communication Science experiments i Classification ordering math ii Experimentation hypothesizing discussing results iii Questioning processing info discovered iv Planning and problem solving v Language and vocab vi Concepts of scientific life vii Enthusiasm for science and learning Art activities i Creativity imagination ii Fine motor skills eye hand coordination iii Pre writing and beginning writing skills iv Self expression and communication v Creative thinking