HDFS 105 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Documentary- Age 7 in AmericaOutline of Current Lecture I. Mind meldII. Early notions of adolescence in western societiesIII. Adoescence to grow old into adulthoodIV. Adolescence around the world V. Digital media in adolescents’ livesVI. Biological changesVII. Girls’ maturationVIII. Boys’ maturationIX. Social changesX. High school stereotypes or quest for identity?XI. At risk behaviors XII. Some adolescent statistics XIII. Adolescent eating disorders XIV. Teenage mothersXV. Media impact Current LectureI. Mind melda. Words that come to mind when you think about teenagers: i. Moody, grumpy, rebellious, indecisive b. Is adolescence a time of storm and stress?II. Early notions of adolescence in western societiesa. G Stanley Hall- adolescence is a time of storm and stress- rebellion 1904 b. More recent findings suggest:i. Only 20% of adolescents experience serious difficultiesii. Most get along with parents iii. Like to spend time with peers, but also spend time aloneiv. Moodiness is normalv. Adolescence is a time of change! (but not a disaster)vi. (adolescence is the only group in society where its still okay to be prejudice against; to say things like "up to no good, obnoxious, out of control, reckless, rotten" These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Adolescence (Latin) to grow old into adulthooda. Adolescence is a rite of passageb. Non-western cultures- short periodc. Western cultures- long period d. Early adolescence- 11-14 yearse. Middle adolescence- 15-18 yearsf. Late adolescence- 18-21 years II. Adolescence around the worlda. Gender expectations: vary across cultures b. Rites of passage: ceremony or ritual marking transition to new status (high school graduation)II. Digital media in adolescents' livesa. Multi-tasking 6.5 to 8 hours per dayb. Studies show even the top students in your class, their learning and attention go down when they bring a laptopc. Technology gives teenagers a sense of control II. Biological changesa. Puberty- Sexual and reproductive maturation occursa. Growth spurt (getting taller) a. Hormonal changes a. Asynchrony- Awkwardness due to uneven and rapid growth (temporary)VII. Girls' maturation (hit puberty/changes 2 years ahead of boys)a. Increase in growth hormone s- 9 y/o Pubic hair- 11 y/o b. Growth spurt- 12 y/o c. Menarche- 12-13 y/o (first menstrual period) i. Menstruation earlier today in industrialized nations- due to better nutrition?b. Increase in body fat II. Boys' maturationa. Growth of testes and scrotum- 11 y/ob. Voice begins to change- 13-16 y/oc. Pubic and facial hair growth d. Gain additional weight in form of muscle mass, growth of ribs, shoulders IX. Early vs. late maturers a. Boys:i. Early maturers- before 14-15 years are better adjusted, more popular, more confident ii. Late maturers- after 14-15 years are more restless, less confident, more attention seeking1. Later in life adjustment reversesb. Girls (less research done): i. Early maturers- before 12-13 years are initially more self-conscious, low body image, but later more popular and secureii. Late maturers- after 12-13 years are initially more secure, popular, but later lesspopular and unsureII. Social changesa. Family (assist in social decisions) a. Increase in autonomy from parentsa. Views/values not very different from parents- adolescents tend to line up with matching values of their family/role models b. School:i. School transitions (require more organizational skills)ii. Secondary schools less nurturing, more rigid, more competitive (more pressure) b. Peer pressure to conformc. Romantic relationshipsd. In a US study last year, 13% of teens reported having had sexual intercourse by age 15; and by age 19 was 7/10 teense. Stats on this have declined slightly since the 2008 study (a little more conservative now) II. High school stereotypes or quest for identity? a. Erik Eriksoni. Identity vs. identity (role) confusion (trying on new roles and figuring out whoyou are and where you fit in) i. Four statuses of identity1. Identity diffusion- you're exploring and trying out new ideologies2. Identity foreclosure- you fully emerge yourself into a new peer group but don't fit in 3. Identity moratorium- go back and rethink your values and preferences; make changes 4. Identity achievement- when you find yourself and feels most comfortable (usually in late adolescence)ii. Try on new roles, ideologiesa. Piaget's Formal Operational period (begins around age 11) i. The emergence of abstract thinking !i. Increase in self-consciousnessi. Adolescent egocentrism (are self-focused b/c they are going through so many changes) ii. Imaginary audience- preoccupation with what others think (ex. Always looking at yourself in the mirror; thinking that everyone notices your pimple)iii. Personal fable- self- importance iv. Invincibility fable- nothing bad can happen to me- risk-taking behavior II. At risk behaviorsa. Anorexiab. Bulimiac. Alcohol used. Drug usee. Depressiona. Car accidents- are teens risky drivers?II. Some adolescent statistics a. 50% living in single parent homes b. 28% drop out of high schoolc. 1% of AIDS case are adolescentsd. Cause of adolescent deaths:i. accidents, homicide, suicide II. Adolescent eating disordersa. Anorexiai. Eating disorder that involves the pursuit of thinness through starvationii. 95% of people with anorexia are girlsb. Bulimiai. Binge/pure patternii. Affects 5% of college womeniii. 90% of people with bulimia are women XV. Teenage mothers a. US has the highest adolescent pregnancy rate in the industrialized worldb. Best outcomes if mother stays in schooli. Higher educational level- better job laterii. Obstacles include child care, getting to school, family relationships, lack of financial and emotional supportiii. Average age of the fathers- 26 y/oXVI. Media impacta. "Miss Representation"b. Popular media's messages about women to girls and boysc. What effect does this have on adolescents' behavior,