Bio 105 1st Edition Exam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 12-17As always I am available for any questions and can be reached at (419)2058739.Remember this study guide is to be used in conjunction with notes, powerpoints, the bookdiagrams, and Professor Tucker’s study guide! Use this as a final review. Good luck on thetest!The Animal BodyTerms to know:Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Circulatory System-Respiratory System-Integumentary System-Skeletal System-Muscular System-Urinary System-Digestive System-Endocrine System-Nervous System-Lymphatic System-Immune System-Reproductive System-Two systems involved in regulating all other systems are the ______________ system and the __________________ system.Can you list all 11 Systems?The major components of the Circulatory System include the __________ and _____________ _______________. The circulatory System interacts with the ___________________ __________________. The Respiratory System is responsible for intake of ___ ____ and ridding the body of ____ __________. The major components of the Respiratory System include the p_________, l______________, Alveoli, B__________ lungs and nasal cavity. (all found in figure 20.10. The Urinary System includes the _________, Ureter, ___________ and ___________ bladder.The Digestive System is comprised of the ________________ canal and _____________ organs. The Endocrine system ____________ body activities and maintains with one of the seven characteristics of life _________________. (True/False) The Endocrine System and encompasses some of the organs of the reproductive system.The Reproductive system includes the gonads: the __________ and the _________. Digestion and NutritionKey Terms:Herbivores-Example-Carnivores-Example-Omnivores-Example-Filter Feeders-Example-Substrate Feeders-Example-Fluid Feeders-Example-Bulk Feeders-Example-The four Phases of Digestion (in order)-Absorption-Digestion-Ingestion-Elimination-Mechanical Digestion-Chemical Digestion-Oral Cavity-Peristalsis-Sphincters-Amylase-Pepsin-Bolus- Chyme-What does each Part of the digestive system do?Oral Cavity-Tongue-Salivary Glands-Pharynx-Esophagus-Stomach-Liver-Hepatic Portal Vein-Pancreas-GallbladderSmall Intestine-Villi-Microvilli-Large intestine-Cecum-Appendix-Colon-Feces-Rectum-Anus-Kilocalories-Metabolic Rate-Basal Metabolic Rate-Essential Nutrients-What are the parts of the Alimentary Canal?What are the Accessory Organs?What are the two stages of digestion (stage 2/4 of full digestion)?Where are Carbohydrates broken down?Where is Protein broken down?Where are Lipids broken down?What keeps food from going down the trachea?Vitamins-Minerals-RDA’s-The stomach secretes ____________ ______________. 3 Steps as Defined by 21.8 in book on production of gastric juice:1. _____________ and HCI are secreted.2. HCI converts pepsinogen into ____________.3. Chain reaction is begun by _______. What does pepsin break down?What hormone is involved with digestion in the stomach?Where is Chyme produced?(True/False) Starch in crackers are broken down in the stomach.The Liver produces _______.The first section of the small intestine is called the _______________.The pancreas produces ____________ juice.Bile breaks up _____, making the digestive enzymes job easier.(True/False) Hormones stimulate these processes.Layers of small Intestine include muscle, large circular folds, then ________. Inside Villi, lie _________________ with _____________ cells underneath. The ___________ processes and detoxifies blood from the intestines.How many calories are 1kcal?Seeds grains and vegetables are examples of essential _________ __________.Milk, cheese and eggs are examples of _______________, or essential _________ ______________.What are the Molecular building blocks we must absorb?Which molecule provides the most energy?Where does a vegetarian get their proteins and other amino acids?Vitamin A,D,E, and K are (water/fat) soluble.EnergyTerms to know:Exergonic Reaction-Endergonic Reaction-Metabolism-Metabolic pathway-Cellular Respiration-Energy Coupling-Do ATP molecules couple?Redox Reaction-Oxidation-Reduction-NAD+-NADH-Electron Transport Chain-Substrate-level phosphorylation-Acetyl CoA-ATP Synthase-Chemiosis-Lactic Acid Fermentation-Alcohol Fermentation-Fermentation-Cellular Respiration is an _________gonic reaction process.What becomes of the energy extracted?What does ATP do for the Cell?Is there an importance of ATP’s structure?(True/False) Cellular Respiration occurs in animals and plants.How does the respiratory help with Cellular Respiration?Glucose + _____________ produces Carbon Dioxide + _______________ + ___________.Above is the _______________ for cellular respiration.What are the three (book) stages of Cellular respiration?(True/False) Glycolysis occurs in the Cytosol.Where does each stage occur in the cell?Glycolysis harvests chemical ____________.In Glycolysis, Glucose is __________ and pyruvate is produced.What are the “Steps” in cellular respiration?Before the Citric Acid Cycle, __________ is transported to the mitochondrion after it is oxidized. Many NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced in the ____________ ____________ __________.In the Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl CoA ___________ the cycle.Next, after _____________ reactions NADH CO2 and ATP are formed. Lastly, more _____________2 and __________ are generated. Another name for Oxidative Phosphorylation is _____________ __________________ ___________.ATP synthesis is driven by a H+ concentration across the ____________ of the cell.Which stage produces the most ATP?Do reductions and oxidations occur together?“ATP synthase is considered the smallest _____________________ ___________________ known in nature”Draw the 4 steps of ATP production out. How does the cell produce energy without oxygen? How does Lactic Acid Fermentation differ from Alcohol Fermentation?RespirationTerms to Know:Gas exchange-Diaphragm-Larynx-Trachea-Bronchi-Vocal Cords-Bronchioles-Alveoli-Surfactants-Breathing-Negative pressure breathing-Inhalation-Exhalation-Partial Pressure-Hemoglobin-What are the 3 main steps of gas exchange (from book figure 22.1)?The Pharynx is also known as the _____________ (digestive system)What evidence supports the hypothesis cigarette smoking is hazardous to your health?When the rib muscles contract and the diaphragm moves down this is ________________.Look into figure 22.10 for further understanding of the interaction