Bio 105 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Cell MetabolismA. Why do we eatB. Where does energy come from?C. Cellular Respiration 1. What is cellular respirationOutline of Current Lecture I. Cell Metabolism (CNT)A. Cellular Respiration (CNT)1. Formula For energy2. FermentationII. Organ SystemsA. Respiratory SystemB. Circulatory SystemCurrent LectureIII. Cell Metabolism (CNT)A. Cellular Respiration (CNT)1. Formula For energya) Glucose(1) Electron donor (2) Foodb) Oxygen (O2)(1) Electron Acceptorc) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)(1) By-Product(2) Wasted) Water (H2O)e) ATP(1) Energy Carrier(2) “the star of the show”f) NAD+ / FAD(1) Intermediate electron acceptors(2) The “steps”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.g) NADH / NADH2(1) Electron donorsh) The “How” of Cellular Respiration(1) Glycolysis(a) Occurs in cytosol(b) MAkes a small amount of ATP(i) Breaks down glucose(ii) Produces pyruvate(iii) Electrons are donated to make NAPH(2) Pyruvate Oxidation(a) Occurs in Mitochondria(b) This step requires oxygen(i) Pyruvate is oxidized(ii) Produces acetyl CoA(iii) Produces carbon dioxide(3) Cytric Acid Cycle(a) Occurs in Mitochondria(b) Makes a small amount of ATP(c) This step requires oxygen(i) Acetyl CA is broken down(a) Acetyl CoA+4C = citrate(ii) Produces Carbon dioxide(iii) Produces ATP (iv) Produces NADH/ FADH2 (d) By this step, glucose is absorbed(4) Electron Transport Chain(a) Occurs in Mitochondria(b) Makes the most ATP(c) This step requires oxygen(i) NADH & FADH2 gives electrons to membrane associated enzymes(ii) H+ proton pumped across(iii) Electrons donated to oxygen(iv) Water is formed(v) ATP!!! is formedB. Cellular Respiration Chart---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvate 6 2NADHATP (2)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pyruvate Pyruvate Oxidation Acetyl CoAO2 NADHCO2---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acetyl CoA Cytric Acid Cycle NADHO2 FADH2CO2ATP (2)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NADH Electron Transport Chain H2OO2 ATP!!! (28)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Fermentationa) Creates ATP Without Oxygenb) Occurs during Glycolysis(1) ATP, NADH are madec) During Electron Transport Chain(1) NADH Donates H+(2) NAD+ is made, recycled to the cytosold) Without more NAD+ Glycolysis Stopse) Lactate Fermentation(1) H+ donated to make lactic acid (lactate)(2) NAD+ is supplied(3) Glycolysis can continue (more ATP)f) Oxidizes NADH back to NAD+g) Allows glycolysis to continue (+2 ATP)h) Converts pyruvate to CO2 and ethanolIV. Organ SystemsA. Respiratory System1. System Cooperation a) The circulatory and Respiratory work together!b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried through the blood2. Respiratory Systema) Structures (1) Pharynx(2) Larynx(3) Trachea(4) Bronchib) Functions(1) Bronchi(a) Bronchioles(i) Responsible for gas exchange(a) Alveoli3. Breathinga) Inhalation(1) Rib cage expands using intercostal contracting muscles(2) Diaphragm muscle comes down(3) Breath: changing air pressure to bring air into lungsb) Exhalation(1) Muscles relax and air is drawn out4. Gas exchange in our bodya) Move to circulatory system with handoutB. Circulatory System1. Building a systema) What are the necessary functions?(1) Distribute nutrients and gases(2) Exchange gases (O2 and CO2)(3) Transport and dispose waste productsb) What parts are required to carry out these functions?(1) Heart (pump)(2) Blood Vessels (tubing)(a) Arteries(b) Veins(c) Capillaries(3) Blood (fluid)2. Hearta) The heart is a muscle(1) Cardiac muscleb) Function(1) pumps blood to the lungs(a) Get O2(2) Pumps blood to the body(a) Deliver O2c) Structure(1) 4 chambers(a) Right atrium(b) Right ventricle(i) To the lungs(c) Left atrium(d) Left ventricle(i) To the body(2) 4 main valves(a) L atrioventricular (AV) valve, Mitral, Bicuspid (i) “LUB”(b) R Atrioventricular (AV) valve, tricuspid(c) Semilunar valves (i) “DUB”(ii) Left(a) delivers blood to body(iii) Right(a) delivers blood to the lungs3. Heartbeata) Diastole (DUB)(1) Heart relaxed (2) semilunar valves(3) closed(4) AV valves openb) Systole(1) LUB”(2) Arteries contract(3) Ventricles contract(a) Semilunar valves open(4) AV valves closed4. How does blood get from the heart to the body?a) Tubingb) Be aware: muscles can change the diameter of vesselsc) Arteries go away from the heartd) Capillaries are 1 cell thick(1) Gas exchange between cellse) Veins go back towards the heartf) 4 blood vessels to/from the heart(1) Vena cava(a) To heart(b) from body(2) Pulmonary (lungs!) veins(a) To heart(b) from lungs(3) Aorta(a) away from heart(b) toward body(4) Pulmonary arteries(a) away from heart(b) toward