BIO 105 1st Edition Lecture 2Nature Of Science and The Process of Science Core Themes in Biology∆ The Cell● the Cell is the Most Basic Unit of Life∆ The Flow of Energy● the Energy of all Things Biology Comes From the Sun● Sun -> Passes Through Organisms -> Outflow of Heat● In Other Words: Sun -> Producers (plants) -> Consumers (animals∆ Biodiversity● There are Many Different Kinds of Organisms● Diversity & Unity○ we are very different, but also very similar● Organizing Organisms○ Domain (small group)■ bacteria: prokaryotic (single cell)■ archaea: prokaryotic ■ eukaryotic: eukaryotic (has nucleus)○ Kingdom (medium groups)■ protists: they aren’t plants, fungi, or animals■ plantae■ fungi■ animalia● Why are we Similar & Different?○ Similarities> we all have DNA.○ Differences> we have different DNA sequencing.○ D.N.A.■ a powerful molecule■ all cells have DNA■ all organisms have DNA● with the same code■ DNA creates characteristics in organisms∆ Heredity● DNA is passed from one generation to the next - this is heredity.● Changes in DNA sometimes occur, these can alter traits - this is adaptation. ∆ Evolution● Evolution = genetic changes + time● It is a process of change● It is a result of gene changes over time.● descent with modificationThe Process of Science∆ Science is a Way of Life● Science: observations, data, evidence ● Hypothesis, testing, research● It’s a way of asking questions & finding answers∆ Science is based on Inquiry● Questions● Testing○ These two things bring evidence∆ Process 1. Make Observations, Ask Questions2. Form Hypothesis, Make Predictions3. Conduct Testing, Experiments.4. Examine Results, Make Conclusions.∆ 2 Way of thinking● Deductive Reasoning ○ General ideas to make conclusions● Inductive Reasoning○ Makes conclusions based on data & experiements ∆ 2 Types of Data● Qualitative data○ Describes● Quantitave data○ Counts∆ 2 Types of Variables● Scientific Experiments Measures○ Independent ■ Cause○ Dependent ■ Effect● TALKS - graph checklist○ Title ○ Axis○ Labels○ Key○ Scale∆ Experiments● Must have control● Parallel Design● Theory○ Broader than a hypothesis○ Large body of evidence○ Multiple lines of testing○ Peer Reviewed● Science is a Social Activity○ Collaborate○ Compare & Critique○
View Full Document