BIO 105 1st Edition Lecture 22I. Outline of Last Lecturea. Kingdom Animaliai. Spongesii. Cnidariansiii. Flatwormiv. Roundwormv. Mollusks, Annelidsvi. Arthropodsvii. Echinodermsviii. Chordates1. Non-Vertebrates2. VertebratesII. Outline of Current Lecturea. What is Ecology?b. Studying Ecosystemc. Population Ecology – Chapter 36i. Variables of a population1. Distribution and Densityii. Survivorship1. Types I, II, IIIiii. Growth 1. Models, exponential vs. logistic2. Limiting Factorsiv. Population CyclesIII. Current Lecturea. What is Ecology?i. The study of organism’s interactions with each other and their environmentb. Studying Ecosystemi. Habitat – determines limiting factors1. Abiotic a. Energy (food)b. Nutrients (N, P, C, Water)c. Climated. Terrain (mountains, river, desert)2. Biotica. Inter: with other organismsc. Population Ecology – Chapter 36These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Considers1. Time2. Size3. Space/Locationii. Definition of population1. Same Species + Same Placeiii. Variables of a population1. Distribution and Densitya. Densityi. Number of organisms in a space or areab. Distributioni. Patter of living organisms c. Typesi. Clumped Distribution(most common)1. Follows food source or other resourcesa. Ex. Cows, watering hole in savannaii. Uniform Distribution1. Based on Social Interactiona. Ex. Humans on a beachiii. Random Distribution 1. Uneven, no particular rhyme or reasona. Ex. Plants, dandelion seeds2. Size and Survivala. Birth and death of organisms added3. Growth and Growth ratea. Growth is the change in numbers of the populationb. Growth rate is how quickly the numbers changeiv. Survivorship1. Survivorship Curve: compare organisms with different lifespansa. Number of individuals compared withb. Ages of individuals2. Type Ia. Quality/Quantity i. Ex. Humans (mammals) take very good care of their1-2 offspring and the very beginning is best for survival3. Type IIa. Intermediate i. Ex. Rodents, reptiles, small mammals4. Type IIIa. Quantity/ Quality: These organisms have hundreds- perhaps thousands- of offspring for a small chance of survivali. Ex. Most invertebrate (and fish) v. Growth 1. Models, exponential vs. logistica. Population Growth Curvesi. Exponential Model (theory): Exponential and infinite growth of a populationii. Logistical Model (actual): Logistical growth model means limiting factors effect population growth (see below)b. Carrying Capacity (K)i. Maximum number of organisms that can be maintained when factoring limiting factors 2. Limiting Factorsa. Determines number and types of organisms that can existb. Also called Growth Factorsc. 2 Typesi. Density Dependent: how competition, crowding, etc. influence growthii. Density Independent: how weather or other environmental situations impact growth (regardless of numbers)vi. Population Cycles1. Other populations can influence the populations of another species2. Boom- rapid period of growth (reaching peak numbers)3. Bust- Decline in the numbersa. Ex. Lynx and Snow Hare influence each other’s