BIO 105 1st Edition Lecture 18Current Lecture Outline1. Scaffolding (Key Terms)2. Evolutiona. Historical Contextb. Tenants of Evolutionc. Evidence for Evolutioni. Fossils ii. Anatomical recordiii. Molecular BiologyCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Evolution & Biodiversity – PT. Ia. Evolution vs. Origins of lifei. Elution: genetic change in a species over timeii. origins of life: how life began2. Historical Contexta. Tenants of Evolutioni. Charles Darwin1. 1830’s – Galapagos journey2. 1840’s – Essay on evolution and natural selection3. 1858/59 – Publication of the Origin of Speciesii. Thoughts during that time period1. Species seen as “fixed” categories, young earth *according to bible2. Evolution considered by few contemporaries3. Darwin’s influences:a. Principles of geology (Lyell) – old earth, gradual changeb. Essay on competition for resources (T Malthus)c. Competing hypothesis for evolution (A. Wallace)iii. Tenant of theory: Darwin’s hypothesis1. Observed species were “new”2. “descent with modification”a. Common descentb. Accumulated adaptations3. Mechanisms: natural selection3. Evidence for Evolutiona. Establishing a theoryi. Evolution is a foundational theory in biology1. Widely accepted 2. An explanatory idea3. Generates new hypothesis4. Supported by a large body of evidenceii. Evolutionary Theory1. Genetic changes of species over timea. How much time? (Millions of years!)2. Living organisms have shared lineage3. Natural environment directs adaptations (change)4. Evolution can account for the unity and diversity of biological lifeb. Testing a theoryi. Fossils1. Imprints, tracks, remains in rock layers of the earth2. Record of the species of the past3. Key evidence: transitional species *missing link!ii. Anatomical Record1. Observations of similar structures2. Similar patterns of development3. Embryological transitionsiii. Homologous structure1. PowerPoint: slide 13iv. Molecular record1. By FAR better method than fossils2. Similarities in DNA and Protein (see slide 17-hemoglobin)3. Closely related species - more similarities 4. Distantly related species – more differencesv. Darwin’s hypothesis1. Whales evolved from land dwelling mammalsa. Fossil analysis: wolf-like creatureb. DNA analysis: hippo-like
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