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EMU BIO 105 - Exam 1 Study Guide
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BIO 105 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideUnit 1 Study GuideIntro to Biology / The Nature of ScienceKey terms:HomeostasisMetabolismHeredityQuantitative dataQualitative DataDependent and Independent VariablesControlled experimentDeductive reasoningInductive reasoning Key Concepts:· What are the defining characteristics of living organisms?· Describe the hierarchy of biology from atoms to the biosphere.· Why is the cell considered the basic unit of life?· How does energy flow within the biological world?· Define evolution. Why is it central to the field of biology?· What are the steps of the process of science?· Why are controlled experiments necessary?· What is a hypothesis? Practice forming a hypothesis statement.· What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? The Chemistry of BiologyKey terms:IonIonic bondCovalent bondHydrogen bondPolar / Non PolarHydrophilic / HydrophobicReactantProductAcidBaseKey Concepts:· What are the 4 major chemical elements that are required for life?· What are the three major kinds of chemical bonds? Which are the strongest/ weakest?· What happens to the electron in each type of chemical bond· What are the parts of a chemical reaction?· How do hydrophilic / hydrophobic molecules react to water?· What does the pH scale measure?· What is the pH range for an acid / a base / most biological fluids?Biological MoleculesKey terms:Dehydration synthesisHydrolysisDenatureStarchGlycogenCellulosePhospholipidsTriglycerideSaturated fatsUnsaturated fats Key Concepts:· What is a monomer? A polymer?· Describe what happens to water and energy when polymers are formed or broken down.· What are the four categories of large biological molecules (macromolecules)?· What monomers are used to build each type of macromolecule? What kinds of bonds hold these molecules together?· What are the primary functions of each group of macromolecule?· Describe the four levels of protein structure. What levels are affected if a protein is denatured?· What bases pair together in the DNA molecule? In the RNA molecule?· What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?· Review the examples of molecules from each category that were discussed in classThe CellKey terms:Plasma membraneCytoplasm / CytosolCell wallCapsuleRibosomesNucleoid regionFlagellumPilli / FimbraeCentral vacuoleCentriole/ CentrosomeCilia Key Concepts:· Why are cells typically small? (Think: surface area-to-volume ratio)· Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. What is the function of the membrane?· What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?· What organelles and structures are found in prokaryotic cells?· What are the differences between plant and animal cells?· Which organelles are found only in plant cells? Which organelles are found only in animal cells?· Describe the structure of the nucleus? Why is it considered the “control center” of the cell?· What is the difference between the smooth and rough ER? What kinds of molecules are made in each compartment?· What are the organelles of the endomembrane system? How would a protein/molecule move from the inside to the outside of a cell?· Why do cells need mitochondria and chloroplasts?· What kinds of filaments form the cytoskeleton? What is the purpose of this structure?· Are prokaryotic (bacterial) and plant cell walls different?· What is the ECM? What is the function of this structure?· How are the functions of the organelles related to the properties of life? Cell TransportKey terms:Fluid mosaic modelSelective permeabilityPassive transportDiffusionOsmosisFacilitated diffusionHypertonic / Hypotonic / IsotonicEndocytosis / ExocytosisActive transport Key Concepts:· What kinds of molecules move freely across the membrane? What is this kind of transport called?· What kinds of molecules cannot freely cross the membrane? How do they get into or out of the cell?· How do molecules move during diffusion?· How do we talk about the tonicity of a solution?· What happens to cells in a hypertonic / isotonic / hypotonic solutions?· What is the job of a transport protein?· How do cells move material in bulk across the membrane?· Why do cells spend energy on active


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EMU BIO 105 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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