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EMU BIO 105 - Digestive System: pt II
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BIO 105 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Hierarchy RevisitedII. Organ Systems Working TogetherIII. Handouts IV. Pt IIa. Ingestionb. Digestioni. Getting/ Processing Foodii. The Human Digestion System1. Alimentary and Accessory Organsa. Mouth Esophagus, StomachOutline of Current Lecture I. Review 4 Stepsa. Ingestionb. Digestionc. Absorptiond. ExcretionII. Chemical DigestionIII. Chemical AbsorptionIV. Excretiona. Nutritionb. Considering Obesityc. Nutritional Needsi. Building Blocks ii. Energy in foodiii. Essential Nutrients1. Essential fatty acidsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Essential amino acids 3. Vitaminsa. organic4. Mineralsa. inorganicCurrent LectureII. Chemical Digestion and Absorptiona. Liver (accessory organ to stomach/small intestine)i. Breaks down fats with bileii. Secretes intestinal enzymesiii. Detoxes- removes toxins from bloodiv. Responsible for Sugar- to- Fat conversion and transport1. Uses the hepatic portal veinb. Gall Bladder (accessory organ to stomach)i. Stores bileii. Deposits bile into small intestinesc. Pancreas (accessory organ to stomach)i. Produces pancreatic juices1. Bicarbonate neutralizes acids produced by stomachd. Small Intestinei. Make-up1. Duodenuma. Opening between stomach and beginning of small intestine2. Jejunuma. The upper 2/5’s of the small intestine3. Ileuma. The lower 3/5’s of the small intestineii. The small intestine is filled with Villi1. Villi have microvillia. Finger like projections designed to increase surface areaiii. There are nutrients below microvilli1. Amino acids and sugars are absorbed into the blood stream2. Fats are absorbed into the lymphIII. Excretiona. Large Intestinei. Responsible for waste packaging/processingii. Make-up1. Ileum (end of small intestine)2. Cecum a. Bulgy beginning of the colon3. Colona. Long part of the large intestineb. Extracts water from liquid waste4. Rectuma. Solid waste is stored here5. Anusa. Opening for excretionIV. Nutritiona. Considering Obesityi. 33% of Americans are obeseii. Obesity 1. BMI 30 or moreiii. Obesity and Fitness Factors1. Genes2. Diet3. Lifestyleb. Nutritional Needsi. Organic Building Blocks1. Amino acids2. Lipids3. Carbs4. Nucleotidesii. Chemical energy1. How much energy is in our food?a. Caloriei. Amount of energy in our foodii. Kilocalorie (kcal) 1000 calories (little c)2. Energy needed to raise 1 ml water by 1 degree Celsius3. Making ATPa. Calories and ATP productionsi. Calories are broken down to make ATP1. Cellular respiration in mitochondria4. What do we need?a. Average adult needs 2200 Calories (kcal of energy)i. 75% responsible for basal (idle) activityii. 25% responsible for physical activity5. Metabolic Ratea. Rate energy (calories) consumption6. Basal metabolic ratea. Resting metabolic rateiii. Essential Fats and Amino Acids1. Fatty Acidsa. Form cell membranei. Seeds, grains, and plants2. Amino Acidsa. 8 Amino acids needed for making proteinsi. Meat and animalii. Vegetarian? Plant based combinations1. Ex. Legumes and Plantsiv. Essential Vitamins1. Trace amounts (100 mg or less)a. Water solublei. B’sii. Cb. Fat solublei. Aii. Diii. Eiv. K2. Function as coenzymes in tissue and cell production a. Immune systemv. Essential Minerals1. Simple elements2. Trace amounts (1mg – 2500mg)3. Calcium/ phosphorous a. Builds bones4. Sodium/ Potassium / Chlorinea. Aids nerve


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EMU BIO 105 - Digestive System: pt II

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