BIOH 370 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture Blood ContinuedI. Erythrocyte Disordersa. Polycythemia II. White Blood CellsIII. WBC Disordersa. Leukocytosisb. LeukopeniaIV. PlateletsV. Hemostasis 1. Vascular spasm2. Platelet plug formation3. Coagulation (blood clotting)VI. Anticoagulants Used ClinicallyVII. Clot RetractionVIII. Repair of Damaged Blood VesselsIX. FibrinolysisX. Factors Preventing Undesirable ClottingXI. Tromboembolytic ConditionsXII. Bleeding Disordersa. ThrombocytopeniaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Impaired liver function c. Hemophilias XIII. Restoring Blood VolumeOutline of Current Lecture The HeartI. Location of Heart:Case Study: Pericardial EffusionII. Layers of the Heart Case Study: Myocarditis III. Chambers of the heartIV. The fibrous skeleton of the heartV. Heart Valves1. Right and left atrioventricular valves (AV)2. Right and left semilunar valvesValve replacement surgeryCurrent LectureThe HeartI. Location of Heart:I. In the mediastinumII. Held in place by the pericardium:Case Study: Pericardial Effusion- Pericarditis • inferior view (apex pts to left) -inflammation of pericardium • 33 yr. old male• Chest pain• Recent travel to SE Asia• pericardial effusion and enhancing pericardium. • left pleural effusion.• evidence of right heart failure with IVC enlargement and periportal edema.II. Layers of the Heart:I. EpicardiumII. MyocardiumIII. Endocardium• Case Study: Myocarditis - Chest pain- A rapid or abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia)- Shortness of breath, at rest or duringphysical activity- Fluid retention with swelling of your legs,ankles and feet- FatigueOther signs and symptoms you'd have with a viral infection, such as a headache, body aches, joint pain, fever, a sore throat or diarrheaIII. Chambers of the heart:• Two upper atria and two lower ventricles1. Right Atrium: receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus2. Right Ventricle: blood from the right atrium and sends blood to the lungs3. Left Atrium: receives blood from the pulmonary veins4. Left Ventricle: blood from left atrium-send blood all over body- wall much thicker than right ventricleIV. The fibrous skeleton of the heart:– Creates CT groundwork to control flow and prevent back flow of blood– Forms the foundation for which the heart valves attach– Serves as a point of insertion for cardiac muscle bundles– Prevents overstretching of the heart valves– Acts as an electrical insulatorV. Heart Valves:• The valves of the heart open and close in response to pressure changes as the heart contracts and relaxes1. Right and left atrioventricular valves (AV)- Prevent back flow from the ventricles into the atria- Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract- Tricuspid valve (right)- Mitral valve (left)- Chordae tendineae anchor AV valve cusps to papillary muscles2. Right and left semilunar valves• Prevent back flow from the arteries into the ventricles when relaxed• Aortic semilunar valve• Pulmonary semilunar valve**When one set of valves is open, the other is closed• Valve replacement surgery: Severe Endocarditis usually involves AV valves and requires valve replacement surgery Valve disorder from genetics or severe septic
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