BIOH 370 1st EditionLecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture Heart Part 2I. Flow of Blood Through the HeartII. Homeostatic Imbalances of Coronary CirculationIII. Cardiac Musclea. ATP Production in Cardiac Muscleb. Skeletal Muscle vs. Cardiac MuscleIV. Action Potential Propagation Through the HeartV. Intrinsic Conduction System or Nodal Systema. Skeletal Muscle Action Potential vs. Pacemaker Action Potential b. Homeostatic ImbalancesVI. Nervous System Regulation of the HeartVII. Cardiac OutputOutline of Current Lecture Heart Part 3I. Cardiac Output ContinuedII. Help for Failing Heartsa. Heart Transplantb. Intra-Aortic Balloon PumpThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)d. Coronary Bypass Surgerye. Stent in ArteryIII. Development of the HeartIV. Prenatal vs. Postnatal CirculationV. Congenital Heart Defectsa. Patent Foramen Ovaleb. Coarctation of the Aortac. Patent Ductus Arteriosusd. Tetralogy of FallotCurrent LectureHeart Part 3I. Cardiac Output Continuedo CO is the volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta orpulmonary trunk each minuteo Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in one beat o CO (mL/min) = SV (mL/beat) x HR (beats/min)II. Help for Failing Heartsa. Heart Transplant- Take some vasculature form donor and anchor it to the little bit of heart partsthe recipients keeps- Put people on immune suppressants after a transplant so that people recipient’s immune cells wont attack the new donor tissue in the heartb. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump1. Balloon catheter with uninflated balloon is threaded to obstructedare in arter2. Inflate balloon to stretch arterial wall and squash atherosclerotic plaque3. After lumen is widened, balloon is deflated and catheter is withdrawnc. Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)- Mechanical pump to help weakened ventricle pump blood throughout the body so the heart doesn’t have to work as hard- Alternative to heart transplant or may be used to help a patient survive until a heart transplant can occurd. Coronary Bypass Surgery- Restores cardiac blood supplye. Stent in Artery- Helps hold weak vessels open- Can help prevent aneurisms III. Development of the HeartIV. Prenatal vs. Postnatal Circulation - Foramen Ovale-Between the right and left atriums-Bypass pulmonary circulationin uterile=> Fossa Ovalis- Ductus Venosus- Between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava-Bypass liver circulation=> Ligamentum Venosum - Ductus Arteriosus- Between the pulmonary trunk and aorta-Bypass pulmonary circulation=> Ligamentum Arteriosum**Once umbilical cord shuts after birth=pressure change=closes foramen ovale. Ductus Arteriosus and Ductus Venosus no longer needed so create little ligaments. V. Congenital Heart Defects: a. Patent Foramen Ovale: Patent=open- Foramen Ovale fails to close after birthb. Coarctation of the Aorta:- Narrow segment of the aorta- Can sometimes be fixed with a balloon procedurec. Patent Ductus Arteriosus- Ductus Arterious fails to close after birthd. Tetralogy of Fallot- Interventricular septal defect- Aorta emerges from both ventricles- Stenosed pulmonary semilunar valve- Enlarged right
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