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UM BIOH 370 - Digestive System Guest Lecture by Stacey L. Simmons, DDS
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BIOH 370 1st EditionLecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture Respiratory System Day 2I. Factors that Affect Pulmonary Ventilationa. Surface Tensionb. Elastic Recoilc. ComplianceII. Alveolar Surface TensionIII. Lung ComplianceIV. Spirogram of Lung volumes and CapacitiesV. Dalton’s Law of Partial PressuresVI. Henry’s LawVII. External vs Internal RespirationVIII. Transport of O2 and CO2 in the BloodIX. HemoglobinX. O2 and CO2 Transport during External and Internal Respirationa. Haldane EffectXI. Medullary Rhythmicity AreaXII. Control of RespirationXIII. Respiratory AdjustmentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Exerciseb. High AltitudeXIV. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Respiratory Systema. COPDb. Asthmac. Tuberculosisd. Lung CancerXV. Respiratory System Developmental AspectsOutline of Current Lecture Digestive System Guest LectureI. Lecture ObjectivesII. The MouthIII. Lips and CheeksIV. Palatea. Hard Palateb. Soft PalateV. Tonguea. Functionsb. Intrinsic Musclesc. Extrinsic Musclesd. Papillaei. Filiformii. Fungiformiii. Circumvallate (vallate)iv. Foliatee. Terminal Sulcusf. Lingual FrenulumVI. Salivary Glandsa. Secretion of salivab. Extrinsic Salivary Glandsi. Parotid Glandii. Submandibular Glandiii. Sublingual Glandc. Intrinsic Salivary GlandsVII. Compostion of SalivaVIII. Control of SalivationIX. Case Study X. Teetha. Primaryb. Permanentc. Classes:i. Incisorsii. Caninesiii. Premolars (bicuspids) and Molarsd. Age and Eruption Tablee. Tooth Structurei. Crownii. Rootiii. Enameliv. Dentinv. Cementumvi. Periodontal ligamentvii. Gingival sulcusviii. Pulpix. Root canalXI. Tooth and Gum Diseasea. Cavitiesb. Gingivitisc. Periodontitis/periodontal diseaseCurrent LectureDigestive System Guest Lecture by Stacey L. Simmons, DDSI. Lecture Objectives:– Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy and the basic functions of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.– Describe the composition and functions of saliva, and explain how salivation is regulated.– Explain the dental formula and differentiate clearly between deciduous and permanent teeth from radiographic images and age.– Describe the processes that contribute to gum and tooth diseaseII. The Mouth:– Bounded by lips anteriorly, cheeks laterally, palate superiorly, the muscular floor of the oral cavity inferiorly and the anterior pillars of fauces posteriorly – Oral orifice is the anterior opening– Lined with stratified squamous epitheliumIII. Lips and Cheeks:– Contain orbicularis oris (kissing muscle)and buccinator muscles (aid in chewing)– Vestibule: recess internal to lips and cheeks, external to teeth and gums – Oral cavity proper lies within the teeth (tongue side to the back of throat)– Labial frenulum: median attachment of each lip to the gumIV. Palate– Hard Palate: palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae-roof of mouth until the soft palate in the backo Slightly corrugated to help create friction against the tongue, aids in denture retentiono Anterior portion of roof of moutho Bony partition between oral and nasal cavitie– Soft Palate: fold formed mostly of skeletal muscleo Arch shaped muscular partition between oropharynx and nasopharynx, posterior portion of the roof of moutho Closes off the nasopharynx during swallowingo Uvula projects downward from its free edgeV. Tongue– Functions:o Forms the floor of the oral cavity, contains skeletal muscleo Repositioning and mixing food during chewing o Formation of the boluso Initiation of swallowing, speech, and tasteo If someone has a stroke, might not work properly– Intrinsic Muscles: 4 divisiono Originate within tongueo Alter the shape and size of tongue for speech and swallowing– Extrinsic Muscles: (4)o Originate outside of the tongue o Alter the tongue’s position -- side/side, in/outo Clinical application – genioglossus muscle (protracting) and hypoglossal nerve (XII)- If damaged then the tongue will deviate to the side of the injury because of its connection to the hypoglossal nerve= can be used for first response circumstances– Papillaeo Filiform: “fills” in the space= covers majority of tongue- red in color, give the tongue roughness and provide friction , contain no taste budso Fungiform: mushroom shaped, reddish, scattered over the tongue (within the filiform papillae), contains some taste budso Circumvallate (vallate): V-shaped row in back of tongue, all contain taste buds- transition between anterior/posterior tongueo Foliate: on the lateral aspects of the posterior tongue- Most common place for oral cancer to appear– Terminal Sulcus: marks the division betweeno Body: anterior 2/3 residing in the oral cavityo Root: posterior third residing in the oropharynx– Lingual Frenulum: Attachment to the floor of the moutho Clinical applicationVI. Salivary Glands– Secretion of saliva:o Cleanses the moutho Moistens and dissolves food chemicals o Aids in bolus formationo Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of starch– Extrinsic Salivary Glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. AKA major salivary glands. Secrete saliva that primarily aids in digestiono Parotid Gland:- Anterior to the ear and external to the masseter muscle - Parotid duct opens into the vestibule next to second upper molar, aka Stenson’s duct- Largest of the major salivary glands- Secretes approx. 25% of salivary volume- not the most secreted- Primary secretes serous liquid, containing salivary amalyase o Submandibular Gland:- Medial to the body of the mandible, wraps around the Myohoid muscle- Duct opens at the base of the lingual frenum, aka Wharton’s duct- 2nd largest of the major glands- Secretes 60-65% of salivary volume- Secretes both serous and mucus liquido Sublingual Gland:- Anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue- Opens via 10–12 ducts into the floor of the mouth- Smallest of the 3 major glands, secreting 10% of salivary volume (mostly the thicker saliva)- Mostly mucus cells, secreting a thicker fluid with the least amount of digestive enzyme. – Intrinsic Salivary Glands:o buccal salivary glands are scattered in the oral mucosa o AKA Minor salivary glandso Secret saliva that primarily keeps the mouth moistVII. Composition of Saliva:– Secreted by serous and mucous cells – Average daily amounts 1000-1500ml– 97–99.5% water, slightly acidic solution containingo Electrolytes—Na+, K+, Cl–, PO4 2–,


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UM BIOH 370 - Digestive System Guest Lecture by Stacey L. Simmons, DDS

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