BIOH 370 1st EditionLecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture Blood Vessels Day 3I. Alpha Blockers: II. Calcium Channel BlockersIII. AngiogenesisIV. Development of Blood VesselsV. Aging and the CV SystemVI. HomeostasisOutline of Current Lecture Lymphatics and ImmunityI. Functions of the Lymphatic SystemII. Right vs. Left (thoracic) Lymph DuctsIII. LymphedemaIV. Formation and Flow of LymphV. Lymphatic CapillariesVI. Innate vs. Adaptive ImmunityCurrent LectureLymphatics and ImmunityI. Functions of the Lymphatic SystemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Drains excess interstitial fluid- fluid left over from blood capillaries= about 3L/day- Once interstitial fluid is inside lymphatic system- now called lymphb. Transports dietary lipids absorbed by the GI tractc. Carries out immune responsesII. Right vs. Left (thoracic) Lymph Ductsa. Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from:- Right jugular- Right subclavian- Right bronchomediastinal trunks-Attaches to the venus return at:- Right internal jugular vein- Right subclavian veinb. Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct collects lymph from:- Cisterna chyli- Right and left lumbar trunks- Intestinal trunk- Left jugular trunk- Left subclavian trunk- Left bronchomediastinal trunk-Attaches to venus return at:- Left internal jugular and left subclavian veins** ¾ is drained by thoracic duct (left side) , about ¼ is drained through right lymphatic duct-Use cytokines(specific hormones of lymphatic system) as helpers-Lymphatic system allows a highway for metastasizing cancers- i.e. breast cancers usually move to lymph nodes when spread lymphatic ducts are so close- why feel axillary regions when checking for breast cancers- remove lymph nodes if cancer spreads to them= will lose interstitialfluid reuptake into blood= fluid build-up in body=lymphedemaIII. Lymphedema: build-up of interstitial fluid/lymph in the limbs(arms/legs) because notallowed to get back into blood flow (usually when lymph nodes get taken out due to cancers in the lymph nodes) * in one of the legs/arms and not the other because that specific lymph node on that side has the cancer/ or has been taken outIV. Formation and Flow of Lymph- use Frank Starling’s Law of Capillaries ** always a unidirectional flow of lymph- uses “trap doors”a. Net Reabsorption into lymphatic Capillaries- Leukocytes- Lymphb. Lymph is propelled by- Skeletal Muscle Pump- Respiratory pump- Does NOT used the cardiac muscle pump (separate)V. Lymphatic Capillaries: greater permeability and larger diameter than blood capillaries- Interstitial fluid and cells can only flow IN to lymphatic capillaries- Absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow and the CNS- Lacteals: specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa- Absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph (chyle) to the bloodVI. Innate vs. Adaptive Immunitya. Innate Immunity:- Skin and Mucous Membranes- Internal Defenses (5)- Antimicrobials- Cells: phagocytes- lots of specific phagocytes- Complement system: like a “shake and bake”- can reorganize pathogens- Iron-binding proteins- used because pathogens like to use iron to grow, so we have ability to hold onto iron to prevent pathogens from using it- Antimicrobial proteinsb. Adaptive Immunity- Antigen-specific lymphocytes with memory (i.e. IgG,
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