Respiratory PassageNasal cavityOral cavityPharynxLarynxTracheaBronchiTrachea and BronchiLungsIrregular shaped cones of spongy, porous, elastic material“connected” to rib cage and diaphragm via pleural linkagePleural LinkageParietal pleura—inner surface of thoracic cavity, including superior surface of diaphragmVisceral pleura—outer surface of lungsIntrapleural space—fluid filled negative pressure region between visceral and parietal pleuraMusculatureMay be grouped on functional basis (inhalation versus exhalation)May be grouped on anatomical basis (thoracic versus abdominal)Inhalation (major muscles)DiaphragmExternal IntercostalsDiaphragmDome shaped structure of muscle and tendonDivides thorax and abdomenHas central tendon (top of dome), and muscular region divided into three portions (sternal, costal, vertebral)Sternal PortionOrigin—lower & back border of xiphoid processCourse—superior & posteriorInsertion—central tendonCostal PortionOrigin –lower border & inferior surface of ribs 7-12Course—superior & medialInsertion—central tendonVertebral PortionOrigin—upper lumbar vertebraCourse—superior and anteriorInsertion—central tendonDiaphragm openingsAortic hiatusBetween vertebral portion cruraFor passage of descending aortaEsophageal hiatusPosterior to central tendonOpening for esophagusForamen vena cavaAnterior to esophageal hiatusFor passage of inferior vena cavaDiaphragm actionIncreases vertical dimension of thoraxTherefore increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressureMay also act to flare out lower ribsCSD 3112 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. FrameworkII. Vertebral ColumnIII. Different Types of VertebraIV. Spinal Curvesa. Normalb. AbnormalV. Sternum VI. Rib cageVII. Pelvic GirdleVIII. Pectoral GirdleOutline of Current Lecture IX. Respiratory PassageX. LungsXI. Pleural LinkageXII. MusculatureXIII. InhalationXIV. Diaphragma. Sternal portionb. Costal portionc. Vertebral Portiond. Diaphragm Openingse. Diaphragm ActionCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Respiratory Passage- Nasal cavity- Oral cavity- Pharynx- Larynx- Trachea- Bronchi Trachea and Bronchi Lungs- Irregular shaped cones of spongy, porous, elastic material- “connected” to rib cage and diaphragm via pleural linkage Pleural Linkage- Parietal pleura—inner surface of thoracic cavity, including superior surface of diaphragm- Visceral pleura—outer surface of lungs- Intrapleural space—fluid filled negative pressure region between visceral and parietal pleura Musculature- May be grouped on functional basis (inhalation versus exhalation)- May be grouped on anatomical basis (thoracic versus abdominal)Inhalation (major muscles)- Diaphragm - External Intercostals Diaphragm- Dome shaped structure of muscle and tendon- Divides thorax and abdomen- Has central tendon (top of dome), and muscular region divided into three portions (sternal, costal, vertebral)- Sternal Portiono Origin—lower & back border of xiphoid processo Course—superior & posterioro Insertion—central tendon- Costal Portiono Origin –lower border & inferior surface of ribs 7-12o Course—superior & medialo Insertion—central tendon- Vertebral Portiono Origin—upper lumbar vertebrao Course—superior and anterioro Insertion—central tendon Diaphragm openings- Aortic hiatuso Between vertebral portion crurao For passage of descending aorta- Esophageal hiatuso Posterior to central tendono Opening for esophagus- Foramen vena cavao Anterior to esophageal hiatuso For passage of inferior vena cavaDiaphragm action- Increases vertical dimension of thoraxo Therefore increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressure- May also act to flare out lower
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