Extrinsic (outside of larynx)connect􏰁laryngeal􏰁cartilages􏰁to􏰁external􏰁structures􏰀 Intrinsicinterconnect􏰁laryngeal􏰁cartilages􏰁and􏰁help􏰁regulate􏰁extent􏰁 and􏰁direction􏰁of􏰁their􏰁movementsExtrinsic—hyothyroid membraneattaches􏰁superior􏰁border􏰁of􏰁thyroid􏰁to􏰁 body􏰁and􏰁greater􏰁horns􏰁of􏰁hyoid􏰁boneincludes􏰁middle􏰁and􏰁lateral􏰁hyothyroid ligamentfill in the space between thyroid and hyoid boneflexible soft tissue membraneExtrinsic—Hyoepiglottic ligamentattaches􏰁superior􏰁aspect􏰁of􏰁epiglottis􏰁 to􏰁body􏰁of􏰁hyoid􏰁boneExtrinsic—Cricotracheal membrane􏰀 connects􏰁lower􏰁border􏰁of􏰁cricoid􏰁 cartilage􏰁to􏰁upper􏰁border􏰁of􏰁first􏰁 tracheal􏰁ringIntrinsic—Cricovocal (of vocal ligament) membranealso􏰁known􏰁as􏰁conus􏰁elasticuscontinuous􏰁sheet􏰁that􏰁connects thyroid,􏰁cricoid,􏰁and􏰁arytenoid􏰁 cartilagesmiddle􏰁cricothyroid􏰁ligament􏰁connects􏰁 cricoid􏰁cartilage􏰁to􏰁thyroid􏰁cartilage􏰁at􏰁 the􏰁anglelateral􏰁cricothyroid􏰁membranes􏰁form􏰁 lateral􏰁portions􏰁of􏰁conus􏰁elasticusoriginate􏰁from􏰁superior􏰁border􏰁of􏰁 cricoidfibers􏰁terminate􏰁as􏰁free􏰁thickened􏰁 margins􏰁from􏰁vocal􏰁process􏰁of􏰁 arytenoid􏰁to􏰁thyroid􏰁anglecalled􏰁vocal􏰁ligamentprevent air escapedirect air to the tube in between the vocal ligamentIntrinsic—Quadrangular membranesarise􏰁from􏰁lateral􏰁margins􏰁of􏰁epiglottis􏰁 and􏰁thyroid􏰁anglecourse􏰁posteriorly􏰁and􏰁inferiorly􏰁to􏰁 medial􏰁surfaces􏰁of􏰁arytenoidsterminate􏰁inferiorly􏰁as􏰁free􏰁thickened􏰁 margins􏰁called􏰁ventricular􏰁ligamentsterminate􏰁superiorly􏰁as􏰁aryepiglottic􏰁 foldsLaryngeal Cavities—Supraglottalsuperior􏰁border􏰁is􏰁aditus􏰁laryngis (entrance to larynx)triangular􏰁opening􏰁bounded􏰁by􏰁epiglottis􏰁(anterior)􏰁 aryepiglottic􏰁folds􏰁(lateral)􏰁and􏰁arytenoid􏰁apex􏰁(posterior)pyriform􏰁sinus􏰁is􏰁deep􏰁depression􏰁lateral􏰁to􏰁aditus􏰁laryngis (cavity)vestibule􏰁lies􏰁below􏰁aditus􏰁laryngisbounded􏰁inferiorly􏰁by􏰁ventricular􏰁(false)􏰁vocal􏰁foldsventricle􏰁lies􏰁just􏰁below􏰁ventricular􏰁foldsglottis—space in between the vocal ligamentsarea between vocal foldsLaryngeal Cavities—Subglottalfrom􏰁vocal􏰁folds􏰁to􏰁lower􏰁border􏰁of􏰁cricoid􏰁cartilage 􏰀vocal􏰁folds􏰁originate􏰁at􏰁anterior􏰁commissureattach􏰁to􏰁vocal􏰁process􏰁at􏰁posterior􏰁commissurevariable􏰁sized􏰁opening􏰁between􏰁folds􏰁called􏰁glottisfalse vocal folds squeeze together when you want a tight larynxCSD 3112 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I. Framework cont.a. Corniculate cartilagesb. Epiglottisc. Cuneiform cartilagesII. Jointsa. Cricoarytenoidb. cricothyroidOutline of Current Lecture III. Membranes/LigamentsIV. Extrinsica. Hyothyroid membraneb. Hyoepiglottic ligamentc. Cricotracheal membraneV. Instrinsica. Cricovocal membraneb. Quadrangular membranesVI. Laryngeal Cavitiesa. Supraglottalb. SubglottalCurrent LecturePhonatory System Anatomy p3 Membranes/Ligaments- Extrinsic (outside of larynx)o connect�laryngeal�cartilages�to�external�structures - � Intrinsic o interconnect�laryngeal�cartilages�and�help�regulate�extent� and�direction�of�their�movements These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Extrinsic—hyothyroid membrane- attaches�superior�border�of�thyroid�to� body�and�greater�horns�of�hyoid�bone - includes�middle�and�lateral�hyothyroid ligament o fill in the space between thyroid and hyoid boneo flexible soft tissue membrane Extrinsic—Hyoepiglottic ligament- attaches�superior�aspect�of�epiglottis� to�body�of�hyoid�bone  Extrinsic—Cricotracheal membrane- � connects�lower�border�of�cricoid� cartilage�to�upper�border�of�first� tracheal�ring  Intrinsic—Cricovocal (of vocal ligament) membrane- also�known�as�conus�elasticus - continuous�sheet�that�connects thyroid,�cricoid,�and�arytenoid� cartilages - middle�cricothyroid�ligament�connects� cricoid�cartilage�to�thyroid�cartilage�at� the�angle - lateral�cricothyroid�membranes�form� lateral�portions�of�conus�elasticus - originate�from�superior�border�of� cricoid - fibers�terminate�as�free�thickened� margins�from�vocal�process�of� arytenoid�to�thyroid�angle - called�vocal�ligament-o prevent air escapeo direct air to the tube in between the vocal ligament Intrinsic—Quadrangular membranes- arise�from�lateral�margins�of�epiglottis� and�thyroid�angle - course�posteriorly�and�inferiorly�to� medial�surfaces�of�arytenoids - terminate�inferiorly�as�free�thickened� margins�called�ventricular�ligaments - terminate�superiorly�as�aryepiglottic� folds- Laryngeal Cavities—Supraglottal- superior�border�is�aditus�laryngis (entrance to larynx)o triangular�opening�bounded�by�epiglottis�(anterior)� aryepiglottic�folds�(lateral)�and�arytenoid�apex�(posterior) - pyriform�sinus�is�deep�depression�lateral�to�aditus�laryngis (cavity)- vestibule�lies�below�aditus�laryngiso bounded�inferiorly�by�ventricular�(false)�vocal�folds - ventricle�lies�just�below�ventricular�folds - glottis—space in between the vocal ligamentso area between vocal folds- Laryngeal Cavities—Subglottal - from�vocal�folds�to�lower�border�of�cricoid�cartilage �- vocal�folds�originate�at�anterior�commissure- attach�to�vocal�process�at�posterior�commissure- variable�sized�opening�between�folds�called�glottis -- false vocal folds squeeze together when you want a tight