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UI CSD 3112 - Embryology of Speech production

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Who Caresrelevant to understanding how human organs take formalso is basis for understanding number of disorders and abnormalities that arise before birth>25% of syndromes in humans have some manifestation in craniofacial regionBlastocystcell division during 6‐7 days following fertilization creates blastocystfluid filled sphere with cell mass at one endinner cell mass surrounded by outer ring of cells called trophoblastsEmbryonic Disksome inner cell mass cells form the endodermone layer of endodermal cells forms primary yolk sacwill eventually become visceral organs (e.g. digestive tract, lungs)some inner cell mass cells differentiate to form the mesodermwill eventually produce cells that differentiate into bones, muscles, connective tissue, blood, blood vesselsother inner cell mass cells develop into fluid filed cavity called the amniotic cavitycells in floor of amniotic cavity form into layer of ectodermleads to development of many organs (e.g. epidermis of skin, teeth, entire nervous system, hair, nails, etc)Neural Tubenervous system starts to develop at about 18 dayslayer of ectodermal cells first forms neural plateneural groove forms within plateplate rolls up around groove to form neural tubeprocess lasts about 10 daysFlexionflexion of embryo occurs during week 3reversal of direction of growth of head and tail endsembryo thrown into series of foldswhile flexing in sagittal plane, also flexes laterally and becomes cylindricalMouth developmentin week 3 facial area consists of bulge called the prosencephalon (forebrain)oral groove or stomodeum (primitive mouth) lies just caudallyas stomodeal groove deepens, ectodermal floor contacts endodermal lining of foregutwhen wall ruptures (week 4), oral groove becomes connected to foregutBranchial Archeslateral walls of foregut differentiate into transverse elevations called branchial arches, separated by groovesI – mandibular archgives rise to lower lip, muscles of mastication, mandible, anterior part of tongue, some middle ear structuresII – hyoid archupper body and lesser horns of hyoid, stapes, muscles of facial expressionIII – third archlower body of hyoid, posterior part of tongueIV and V – fourth and fifth archcricothyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages, cartilages of tracheaThe Face (week 3-4)ventral aspect of forebrain eventually develops into frontonasal processmandibular arch starts to give rise to maxillary process on each sidenasal placodes start to develop lateral to frontal processThe Face (week 5)lateral nasal processes grow slower than medial nasal processesfrontonasal and maxillary processes fuse and constrict opening of nasal pitsWeek 6embryo about 9 mm longeyes beginning to develop laterallymedial and lateral nasal processes further constrict nostrilslateral angles of medial nasal process called globular processesanterior facial growth beginstoward end of week 6 ...maxillary and medial nasal processes fusecreates shelf called primary palateWeek 7nasal area becomes more prominent, with reduction in widthmandible begins to grow in length and widtheyes move onto anterior part of faceweeks 7 – 10 important in development of palatePrimary and Secondary Palatemaxillary and medial nasal processes fuse to create primary palate in week 6rapid growth of lateral nasal and maxillary processes relative to medial nasal processface grows anteriorlyhead grows in vertical plane in week 8increases height of oral cavitybut, oral cavity still communicates with nasal cavityincomplete palate formed by primary palate anteriorly (globular processes) and medial swellings of maxillary process laterallyearly in secondary palate formation, tongue high and fills most of oral cavity, extending into nasal cavitypalatine processes of maxilla lie laterally and are oriented inferiorlybetween weeks 7 and 9, mandibular development permits tongue to descend from nasal cavitypalatine process of maxilla assumes medial growth directionby end of ninth week, bony palate fusion complete fusion takes place in anterior to posterior direction soft palate closure complete by 10th weekfetus at 5 monthsAnatomy & Physiology of Speech Production Lecture 37 Outline of Last Lecture I. SwallowingII. Phases of a swallowa. Oral Preparatoryb. Oral Transportc. Pharyngeal Transportd. Esophageal TransportIII. Abnormal Swallowinga. SymptomsII. Measuring Swallowinga. Videoflouroscopyb. Endoscopy Outline of Current Lecture II. EmbryologyIII. BlastocystIV. Embryonic DiskV. Neural TubeVI. FlexionVII. Mouth DevelopmentVIII. Branchial Archesa. Mandibular Archb. Hyoid Arch c. Third Archd. Fourth and fifth archIX. The facea. Week 3-4b. Week 5c. Week 6d. Week 7e. Primary and Secondary PalateCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Who Cares- relevant to understanding how human organs take form- also is basis for understanding number of disorders and abnormalities that arise before birth- >25% of syndromes in humans have some manifestation in craniofacial region Blastocyst- cell division during 6‐7 days following fertilization creates blastocyst- fluid filled sphere with cell mass at one end- inner cell mass surrounded by outer ring of cells called trophoblasts Embryonic Disk- some inner cell mass cells form the endoderm- one layer of endodermal cells forms primary yolk sac- will eventually become visceral organs (e.g. digestive tract, lungs)- some inner cell mass cells differentiate to form the mesoderm- will eventually produce cells that differentiate into bones, muscles, connective tissue, blood, blood vessels- other inner cell mass cells develop into fluid filed cavity called the amniotic cavity- cells in floor of amniotic cavity form into layer of ectoderm- leads to development of many organs (e.g. epidermis of skin, teeth, entire nervous system, hair, nails, etc) Neural Tube- nervous system starts to develop at about 18 days- layer of ectodermal cells first forms neural plate- neural groove forms within plate- plate rolls up around groove to form neural tube- process lasts about 10 days Flexion- flexion of embryo occurs during week 3- reversal of direction of growth of head and tail ends- embryo thrown into series of folds- while flexing in sagittal plane, also flexes laterally and becomes cylindrical Mouth development- in week 3 facial area consists of bulge called the prosencephalon


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UI CSD 3112 - Embryology of Speech production

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