TissuesEpithelialConnectiveMuscularNervousVascularEpithelial TissueSheet covering external surface of body, lining tubes and passageways to exterior and interior body cavitiesRests on top of connective tissuesFunctions include protection, secretion, sensation, absorptionDepend on where this tissue is located in the body*wont be needed in detail: just gives idea of how diverse it is, distributed throughout body, all the different typesepithelial tissueproper forms outer later of body, epidermis of skinouter layer of interior membranes that are continuous with mucous membranes such as inside of cheekmesothelial tissueslippery lining of internal body cavitieslines lungs and internal cavity of chestendothelial tissuelining of blood vessels and lymphatic vesselsConnective TissueConnects or binds structures together, supports body, aids in body maintenanceMay be 3 different types: loose, dense, or specialFewer cells than epithelial tissue but denser (more intracellular substance)Loose Connective TissueExtensively distributedPrimary role is to binds parts togetherAreolar tissue: creates bed that skin lays on, what epithelial skin connects to, found throughout body in different locationsAdipose tissue: found just beneath skin, higher concentration of fat cells than areolar, plays lubricating role in bodyDense Connective TissueMay be fibrous or elasticTendons, aponeuroses, ligament, fasciaCharacterized by an abundance of closely packed fibersThe types that are more fibrous show to be more white, more elastic are yellow in example imagesTendon: tough non-elastic cords that are always associated with muscles, the means to which most the muscle are attached to either bone, cartilage, or muscleAchilles tendon for exampleAponeurosis: sheet of tendons as opposed to cord tendon, same non-elastic, serves as a covering for different muscles and a lot of muscles connect to itExample: abdominal aponeurosisLigaments: more elastic than tendons, used around joints to keep them together, joins bone to bone, bone to cartilage, or cartilage to cartilageExample: calcaneofibular ligamentFascia: commonly associated with muscle and helps organize them into functional unitsLayer of fascia to separate muscles into different functional unitsExample: anterior neck fasciaSpecial Connective TissueStructural roleCartilage and boneEars are still made of cartilageWhen you’re a baby you start with more cartilageHyaline cartilage: tougher cartilage that covers articular surfaces of joints that prevent bone on boneForms the framework for lower respiratory tractWith aging, it can oxify and become more bonelikeElastic cartilage: more elastic, rubbery feel, what our ears are made of, it doesn’t harden with age, all associated with sound production or reception like pharyngeal cartilage or pinnaFibrous cartilage: you can find it in joints or in between jointsBoneInside is spongelike, outside is more compact and rigidAxial skeletonSkull (cranial bones and facial bones)Hyoid bone - not shown oppositeAuditory ossicles - not shown oppositeVertebral column(also called the "spine" or "backbone")Sternum boneRibs (which, together with the sternum, form the "thorax")Appendicular skeletonShoulder girdles, which include the scapulae (shoulder blades) and a clavicle on each side of the bone (also known as "collar bones")Upper Limbs = Arms (incl. wrists and hands). See arm bones and hand bones.Pelvic (hip) girdle, which includes the hip bones (= "coxal bones") called the ilium, ischium and pubisLower Limbs = Legs (incl. ankles and feet).Skeletal TerminologyElevations or depressionsElevationsCondyle: rounded, knuckle like elevationOccipital condyleCrest: prominent ridgeIliac crest (hip bone)Head: generic term for enlargement at one end of boneSternal head of clavicleProcess: generic term for bony prominence (bump?)Mastoid processSpine: sharp projectionScapular spineTubercle: small rounded projection (often an attachment point for muscles) (increased in thickness of bone due to muscle)Articular tubercleTuberosity: large rounded projectionIschial tuberosityDepressionsFissure: deep groove in boneInferior orbital fissureForamen: opening or hole in boneForamen magnumFossa: pit or hollow in boneSupraspinous fossaSulcus: groove or furrowLateral sulcusMeatus: tube or passageway through boneExternal auditory meatusSinus: cavity within the boneFrontal (above eyes)Ethmoid (either side of nose)Maxillary (cheek bones in maxilla)CSD 3112 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Anatomical PositionII. Terms of DirectionIII. Planes of ReferenceOutline of Current Lecture I. Tissuesa. Epitheliali. Epithelialii. Mesothelialiii. endothelialb. Connectivei. Looseii. Denseiii. Specialiv. Bone1. Skeletal terminologya. Elevationsb. Depressions Current Lecture Tissues- Epithelial- Connective- MuscularThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Nervous- Vascular Epithelial Tissue- Sheet covering external surface of body, lining tubes and passageways to exterior and interior body cavities- Rests on top of connective tissues- Functions include protection, secretion, sensation, absorptiono Depend on where this tissue is located in the body- *wont be needed in detail: just gives idea of how diverse it is, distributed throughout body, all the different typeso epithelial tissue o proper forms outer later of body, epidermis of skino outer layer of interior membranes that are continuous with mucous membranes such as inside of cheeko mesothelial tissueo slippery lining of internal body cavitieso lines lungs and internal cavity of chesto endothelial tissue lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels Connective Tissue- Connects or binds structures together, supports body, aids in body maintenance- May be 3 different types: loose, dense, or special- Fewer cells than epithelial tissue but denser (more intracellular substance)Loose Connective Tissueo Extensively distributedo Primary role is to binds parts togethero Areolar tissue: creates bed that skin lays on, what epithelial skin connects to, found throughout body in different locationso Adipose tissue: found just beneath skin, higher concentration of fat cells than areolar, plays lubricating role inbodyDense Connective Tissueo May be fibrous or elastico Tendons, aponeuroses, ligament, fasciao Characterized by an abundance of closely packed fiberso The types