Measurement ToolsPressureU-tube water manometerAt rest, water in both columns of equal height (A)During task that involves(+) oral pressure, water in manometer displaced from one column into the other(B)Difference in height of 2 columns of water(recorded in cmH2O) equal to magnitude of oral air pressureAdequate for recording of static air pressureUsed commonly for calibration of pressure transducers to monitor known input air pressuresNot appropriate for measurement of dynamic(changing) air pressures because of its slow frequency responseThat is, cannot react quickly enough to changing pressures to accurately display themNotea: air pressure pushing down for both column are same for both column.b: air pressure pushing down is different for 2 column.Difference in height is the air pressure that was delivered to the tube.problem: mechanically, really sluggishit has slow frequency response. cannot capture movement.good for static air pressure.Commonly used for calibrating transducersPressure transducerVarious types, but all have same basic functionSense effects of pressures impinging on either side of sensing element or diaphragmNotetransduce: to change. change the form of energy to the other, that I can visualize.sensing element inside the device, and some kind of diaphragm which divides chambers.Input: 2. output: voltage.Senses deformation, which is related to how much pressure got inhas fast frequency response. Captures dynamic movement.Air flowPneumotachographMesh screen inside pneumotachograph offers constant resistance to airflowPressure drop across the screen linearly related to rate of air flow through the screenNoteRelated to speed.Relationship between pressure, airflow, resistance(R=P/V, P/air flow rate)tube. in the middle of the tube, I have screen.resistance is not changing.on either side of the screen, I have pressure track.  can measure both side of pressuremeasure pressure drop that the pressure causes calculate flow ratepretty standard system.can get a volume by measuring airflow.?Crank up the device and I can look at the output as voltage.Body plethysmographbody enclosed within boxduring breathing, volume of body increases and decreasesresults in pressure changes within boxin turn, cause air to flow through resistive screenpressure drop across screen proportional to flow of air into and out of lungsvolumewet spirometerof limited usefulness for measuring rapid volume changesis mechanical system, and suffers from same problems relate d to resistance to initial movement and inertia once it starts movingsluggishnoteoutput: connective speechVessels has water in it. Air pocket shapePen attached to sheet of the paper, which rotatesas i breath out, air cause the bell to move up.As I sucking in: bell move down.Not electrical. It is Mechanically sluggish.Cc/sec: volume.can get a volume by measuring airflow.Chest and abdominal wallMeasure movements of the ~~~~.Relate those to volume change.Mercury strain gaugeSmall rubber tube filled with mercuryResistance to current flowing through mercury related to cross sectional area of tubeResistance depends on ~ diameter.Gets thiner which hcnages output of the ~.Will change with chest wall and abdominal wall movementsMagnetometerPairs of electromagnetic coils positioned to sense A-P diameter changes of chest wall and abdominal wallSummed output represents total lung volume changeUsed more commonly, but still rare.They are all magnetic field.Transverse ~ on the vertebra field.?~ Further they are away from source .Respiratory induced plethysmographyElastic bands(4 inch wide) with embedded electrical wires positioned around chest wall and abdomenUsed to sense average cross-sectional area of chest and abdominal wallsSummed signals represent total lung volume change at body surfaceMore common. Mercury랑 similar principle.As the band stretches, the coils also stretches.Output voltage of these cables will increase or decrease as the band stretches.No Sweater. Wear a t-shirtMinimal clothingCSD 3112 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Effects of DiseaseII. Connected Speecha. Temporal Aspectsb. Active vs. Passive ForcesOutline of Current Lecture III. Measurement Tools IV. Pressurea. U-tube water manometerb. Pressure TransducerV. Airflowa. Pneumotachographb. Body PlethysmographVI. Volumea. Wet SpirometerVII. Chest and Abdominal Walla. Mercury Stain Gaugeb. Magnetometerc. Respiratory Induced PlethysmographyCurrent LectureRespiratory System Physiology p6These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Measurement Tools - Pressureo U-tube water manometer At rest, water in both columns of equal height (A) During task that involves(+) oral pressure, water in manometer displaced from one column into the other(B) Difference in height of 2 columns of water(recorded in cmH2O) equal to magnitude of oral air pressure Adequate for recording of static air pressure Used commonly for calibration of pressure transducers to monitor known input air pressures Not appropriate for measurement of dynamic(changing) air pressures because of its slow frequency response That is, cannot react quickly enough to changing pressures to accurately display them Note a: air pressure pushing down for both column are same for both column.  b: air pressure pushing down is different for 2 column.  Difference in height is the air pressure that was delivered to the tube.  problem: mechanically, really sluggish- it has slow frequency response. cannot capture movement.- good for static air pressure. Commonly used for calibrating transducerso Pressure transducer Various types, but all have same basic function Sense effects of pressures impinging on either side of sensing element or diaphragm Note transduce: to change. change the form of energy to the other, that I can visualize.  sensing element inside the device, and some kind of diaphragm which divides chambers. Input: 2. output: voltage.  Senses deformation, which is related to how muchpressure got in has fast frequency response. Captures dynamic movement. - Air flowo Pneumotachograph  Mesh screen inside pneumotachograph offers constant resistance to airflow Pressure drop across the screen linearly related to rate of air flow through the screen Note Related to speed. Relationship between pressure, airflow, resistance(R=P/V,