Solanales Diversity and Evolution of Asterids morning glories mints and snapdragons Convolvulaceae morning glory Largely tropical family of 57 genera and 1600 spp Twining herbs or woody with alternate leaves order within lamiids lamiids or Asterid l group lamiids 5 families and nearly 5 000 species dominated by Solanaceae nightshade and Convolvulaceae morning glory no iridoids iridoids alternate leaves plicate corolla calyx persistent in fruit Solanaceae campanulids Convolvulaceae morning glory Cuscuta Cuscutaceae is actually part of the Convolvulaceae Twining habit for support has gone one step further and species are now parasitic support food water no chlorophyll Calystegia sepium Hedge bindweed Ipomoea purpurea Morning glory Convolvulaceae Cuscuta spp dodder Convolvulaceae morning glory Convolvulaceae morning glory CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G 2 Flowers strongly funnelform with plicate corolla tube with fold lines Calyx often unfused Calystegia sepium Hedge bindweed Cuscuta gronovii Common dodder Cuscuta glomerata Rope dodder Convolvulus Convolvulaceae morning glory Calystegia sepium Hedge bindweed Note 2 large bracts Convolvulaceae morning glory Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed Note no floral bracts Ipomoea morning glory Ipomoaea stolonifera Ipomoea pes caprae Ipomoea battatus sweet potato Lamiales Lamiales large order 23 000 species within lamiid lamiid or Asterid l group 12 of all eudicots 22 families dominated by the mints Lamiaceae lamiids many small isolated families lamiids iridoids iridoids opposite leaves common zygomorphic bilabiate flowers common 4 stamens common campanulids Placospermataceae campanulids Oleaceae olive and ash Oleaceae olive and ash Cosmopolitan family of opposite leaved shrubs and trees CA 4 CO 4 or 0 A 2 G 2 Syringa vulgaris Lilac olives are one seeded drupes 4 merous flowers only 2 stamens Olea europea olive Oleaceae olive and ash Oleaceae olive and ash Forsythia suspensa Goldenbell forsythia Ashes have compound leaves and diamond furrowed bark Ashes are usually unisexual unisexual other genera are bisexual Ligustrum vulgare European privet Male flowers Female flowers Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red green ash Oleaceae olive and ash Ashes have 1 seeded samaras Lamiaceae mints Huge cosmopolitan family of 267 genera and nearly 7000 species of herbs and sometimes shrubs or trees major family of Mediterranean climate regions strongly aromatic mint peppermint sage rosemary thyme square stems stems opposite leaves flowers congested in verticels Fraxinus americana White ash Fraxinus americana White ash Satureja in Greece Mentha longifolia Lamiaceae mints CA 5 CO 2 3 A 4 2 G 2 Lamiaceae mints CA 5 CO 2 3 A 4 2 G 2 flowers two lipped bilabiate bilabiate called Labiatae Labiatae flowers two lipped bilabiate bilabiate stamens 4 or even 2 Stachys palustris hedge nettle Salvia sage Salvia sage Lamiaceae mints Clerodendrum Lamiaceae mints CA 5 CO 2 3 A 4 2 G 2 flowers two lipped bilabiate bilabiate stamens 4 or even 2 2 carpels gynobasic fruit 4 nutlets Galeopsis Prunella vulgaris selfheal Glechoma hederacea creeping charlie Nepeta cataria catnip Lamiaceae mints Lamiaceae mints Monarda punctata horsemint Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Leonurus cardiaca motherwort Lycopus americanus Water horehound Lamiaceae mints Lamiaceae mints Salvia giant polyphyletic genus which has evolved 3 separate times some woody members formerly placed in Verbenaceae now are mints Tectona grandis teak Clerodendrum Vitex Verbenaceae vervains Verbenaceae vervains 34 genera and 1175 species of aromatic herbs vines trees square stems CA 5 CO 5 A 4 G 2 opposite serrate leaves flowers not lipped fruit often 1 2 seeded drupe not gynobasic Lantana camara sage Verbena gracilencens Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae CA 4 5 CO 2 3 A 2 2 G 2 Verbena hastata Blue vervain Verbena stricta Hoary vervain Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae and included normal as well as hemiparasitic species green but with attachment to plants for additional food The old old family is similar to mints but alternate or opposite leaved round or squarish stems terminal style many seeds capsules Bellardia Aureolaria false foxglove Pedicularis canadensis wood betony Castilleja coccinea Indian paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Status of 3 old unrelated families 1 Plantaginaceae wind pollinated 2 Orobanchaceae holoparasites 3 Scrophulariaceae the rest hemiparasites Plantagoplantain Conopholissquawroot Verbascummullein Linariabutter eggs Status of 3 new unrelated families DNA story 1 Plantaginaceae wind pollinated most genera 2 Orobanchaceae holoparasites hemiparasites 3 Scrophulariaceae only Scrophularia Verbascum Castillejapaintbrush Scrophulariaceae figworts Plantagoplantain Linariabutter eggs Conopholissquawroot Castillejapaintbrush Verbascummullein Scrophulariaceae figworts Verbascum thapsus mullein New Scrophulariaceae is small with 24 genera but retains type genus Scrophularia marilandica figwort carpenter carpenter s square Verbascum thapsus common mullein weedy biennial 1st year as a rosette Plantaginaceae plantains Plantaginaceae plantains Plantago lanceolata English plantain Plantago major common plantain Plantaginaceae includes Plantago plantains wind pollinated derivatives of snapdragons Plantaginaceae includes Plantago plantains wind pollinated derivatives of snapdragons Plantago patagonicapatagonicawooly plantain Plantaginaceae plantains Plantaginaceae plantains Digitalis foxglove Antirrhinum snapdragon Chelone glabra turtlehead Veronica Linaria butter eggs but also most of non hemiparasitic members of former Scrophulariaceae but also most of non hemiparasitic members of former Scrophulariaceae Veronicastrum virginicum Culver Culver s root a petition to ICBN has been made to conserve the name Veronicaceae Orobanchaceae broomrape Orobanchaceae contains holo parasites nongreen Orobanchaceae broomrape Orobanchaceae contains holo parasites haustoria Epifagus virginiana beech drops Conopholis americana squaw root Orobanchaceae broomrape Orobanchaceae contains holo parasites and hemi parasites of old Scrophulariaceae Orobanche fasciculata fascicled broomrape obligate host Artemisia campestris wormwood Orobanchaceae broomrape Castilleja sessiflora downy paintbrush Orobanche uniflora One flowered broomrape Pedicularis lanceolata swamp lousewort Lentibulariaceae bladderworts Cosmopolitan 3 genera 320 species vegetatively diverse insectivorous herbs of wetlands sticky flypaper Bignoniaceae