Salicaceae willows poplars Diversity and Evolution of Rosids Chemically defined by salicins salicylic acid Many members of the tropical Flacourtiaceae with showy flowers also have salicins and are now part of the Salicaceae willows spurges and maples Dovyalis hebecarpa Salicaceae willows poplars 55 genera 1000 species of shrubs trees 450 are willows Salix less numerous are poplars aspens Populus Oncoba spinosa Salicaceae willows poplars Willows Salix are dioecious trees of temperate regions with reduced flowers in aments both insect and wind pollinated female Populus deltoides American cottonwood Salix babylonica weeping willow Salix babylonica weeping willow male Salicaceae willows poplars female male Salicaceae willows poplars nectar glands at base of bract allows insect as well as wind pollination fruit is a capsule with cottony seeds for wind dispersal many species are precocious flower before leaves flush in spring Salicaceae willows poplars species vary from large trees shrubs to tiny tundra subshrubs Salicaceae willows poplars male Populus poplars cottonwood aspens flowers possess a disk cottony seeds in capsule female Salix herbacea dwarf willow Salix pedicellaris bog willow Salix fragilis crack willow Salix discolor pussy willow Populus deltoides American cottonwood Salicaceae willows poplars Salicaceae willows poplars Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar balm of gilead P tremuloides trrembling aspen P grandidentata bigtooth aspen aspens are clonal from root sprouts fast growing light wooded and important for pulp in the paper industry Salicaceae willows poplars Populus alba White poplar Introduced from Europe Euphorbiaceae spurges Euphorbiaceae s l is polyphyletic and now broken into 3 families Phyllanthaceae Euphorbiaceae Putranjivaceae Populus deltoides American cottonwood Euphorbiaceae spurges Euphorbiaceae spurges large cosmopolitan family of trees shrubs and herbs of 222 genera and 6000 species latex bearing and filled with nasty chemicals source of rubber castor oil tapioca poinsettia CA 5 CO 0 A G 0 CA 5 CO 0 A 0 G 3 Majority of the family has unisexual flowers 5 sepals no petals numerous stamens 3 fused carpels and capsules female Codianum male leaves alternate simple often palmately lobed or palmately compound Ricinus castor oil bean Euphorbiaceae spurges A quite different arrangement of unisexual flowers is seen in many of our spurges of the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce Euphorbiaceae spurges Euphorbia corollata flowering spurge Flower or inflorescence Shown here are 3 cyathia the whole unit here is one cyathium The flower of our flowering spurge is actually a highly modified inflorescence cyathium Euphorbiaceae spurges Cyathium is composed of glands Euphorbiaceae spurges Cyathium is composed of glands appendages of glands Euphorbiaceae spurges Cyathium is composed of Euphorbiaceae spurges Cyathium is composed of glands glands appendages of glands appendages of glands male flowers 1 stamened no perianth male flowers 1 stamened no perianth 1 female flower tricarpellate 3 styles Euphorbiaceae spurges Euphorbiaceae spurges Euphorbia pulcherrima poinsettia Euphorbia esula leafy spurge one of several species labelled obnoxious weed by state law Euphorbia canariensis Euphorbia dendroides Euphorbia is a giant genus 2 000 spp with some spectacular radiations is the cyathium a key innovation Euphorbiaceae spurges economically important members from Neotropics Passifloraceae passion flower Spectacular group of vines and trees in the pantropics one ingrediant of Hawaiian punch parietal placentation Passiflora Hura poison arrow Manihot esculenta manioc cassava tapioca Hevea rubber berry fruit Passifloraceae passion flower Co evolutionary relationships involving leaf shapes Heliconid butterfly egg layers extrafloral nectaries and patrolling ants Linaceae flax A small family of herbs most noted as the source of flax linen linseed oil base chemicals for linoleum omega 3 essential fatty acids Linum bienne Linum sulcatum grooved yellow flax Rhizophoraceae mangroves Asian and Madagascar tropical trees and one widespread mangrove Rhizophora red mangrove Linum narbonense Malpighiaceae malpighs Diverse woody family of pantropical region with distinctive clawed petals and floral nectaries Bruguiera Byrsonima spicata Malpighia Hiptage Sapindales Sapindales chemically distinct lemon smells preferential herbivory by hemipteran Calophya long recognized group of 9 families woody compound leaves nectar disk 1 2 seeded fruit Sapindaceae Acer platanoides Calophya on Schinus Anacardiaceae Bitter triterpenoids Rutaceae Geijera multiflorum Anacardiaceae sumacs Anacardiaceae sumacs Woody worldwide family 70 985 with alternate compound leaves and pungent often nasty volatiles or black exudates phenolics Semecarpus CA 5 CO 5 A 5 10 G 2 3 flowers are small congested variously unisexual or perfect but with disk Rhus glabra smooth sumac Rhus glabra smooth sumac Magnifera mango Anacardiaceae sumacs Semecarpus Anacardiaceae sumacs CA 5 CO 5 A 5 10 G 2 3 one seeded drupes mango pistachio cashew Rhus glabra smooth sumac Magnifera mango Rhus hirta staghorn sumac Anacardiaceae sumacs Anacardiaceae sumacs Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac Multi stemmed shrub in wetlands Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy variable in habit Toxicodendron includes our 3 poisonous species Anacardiaceae sumacs One of the most poisonous members of this family is the source of Japanese lacquer Toxicodendron vernicifluum urushiol compound Sapindaceae maples Largely tropical woody family of 735 genera and 1600 species and includes previously recognized smaller temperate families maples Aceraceae buckeyes Hippocastanaceae most have opposite compound leaves 1 2 seeded drupes or samaras Sapindus soapberry Sapindaceae maples Sapindaceae maples The family includes 2 of the most important or dominant tree species in many of our forest types sugar maple and red maple CA 4 5 CO 0 or 4 5 A 8 10 G 2 maple flowers typically unisexual by abortion Perianth 4 5 merous but petals lacking in sugar and silver maples and boxelder nectariferous disk is often present in the whorl associated with stamens Male flower Acer saccharum sugar maple Acer rubrum red maple Acer platanoides Norway maple Introduced ornamental Sapindaceae maples Sapindaceae maples CA 4 5 CO 0 or 4 5 A 8 10 G 2 superior pistil composed of 2 carpels and 2 extended styles note reduced and probably non functional stamens Female flower Acer platanoides Norway maple fruit is a