PSYC 359 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. FriendshipII. Can Men and Women be Friends?Outline of Current Lecture III. Animal loveIV. The origins of loveV. What’s love got to do with it?VI. Beginning of a brief history of loveCurrent LectureTo view love, lets first look at animals- Red-winged black birdo Polygamous, territorial males that defend at about 10-15 females but the females also pair off with other males- Whiptail lizardo Clone themselves, no males- Cleaner Wrasseo Female to male sex, change sexeso Social control of the sex change o 2 males in the tank, the smaller male changes back to a female- Strawberries o Can be sexualo High density they’re completely asexual, low density they are sexual- ‘Loving Baboons”o Very sexual and highly related to humanso Sex life is completely divorced from reproduction - pleasure and conflict resolutiono Females are in a sexually attractive state very frequentlyo Males, females, juvenile engage in sexual activity all the timeo Engage in all types of sexual activity (tongue kissing, oral, rubbing)o The sex seems to cement the bondso Males don’t dominate or coerce femaleso More sex the less coercion - Kirk’s Dik-diko Monogamous, don’t stray from one anothero Male stick around to cover females’ scento Strong bonds- Concit chichlido Mate in pairs, both parents keep tab on larvae once they hatcho Highly protective strong pair bonds- Sandhill Craneo Monogamouso Sing together, stand close together, synchronize- Humanso Women pass more genetic info than maleo Men were fathering children with more than one woman because its necessary geneticallyo Monogamy is a challenge for humans The Origin of love…human bipedalism?o Origins of human love have something to do with standing on two legso Footsteps show 3 people walking, maybe a family unito Mass extinction of forest dwelling species, strong selection pressure to become bipedal—had to walk across the savannao Ardipithecus ramidus, canines, and loveo Predates Lucy about 5 million yearso A little bit taller than Lucy and twice her weighto Walking upright, stubby upper canine teeth like ours, similar brain positioning, short plasma and fingers, lived in a wooded area o Bipedalism and the obstetrical dilemmao Becoming bipedal is disadvantageous to childbirth—pelvis is smallero Brain was increasing in size, hands for motor skills, communicate moreo Human fetal head size that exceeds the outward dimensions with the emersion of bipedalismo Have more malleable skull during child birtho Percentage of adult brain size:oWhat’s love Got to do with it?o Maternal behavior among primates extends throughout an extremely long infant and juvenile period, with prolonged periods of physical contacto Love may be a byproduct, an expatiation, that keeps us togethero Maybe mother and father need to stay together to keep the offspring safeo Helen Fishero Anatomy of love…postulated three main phases of love: Lust: an intense longing Attraction: an action that tends to draw people together Attachment: a bonding progressiono Few if any cultures are completely monogamouso Marriage wasn’t really celebrated in historyo About 35-50% of relationships endo Usually stay together about 4 years o High interdependency—more interdependent people are the less likely people can walk away o Divorce: couples married for 4 years, couples with no children, people between ages of 25 and 29o Attraction phase can be more biologically- 3 years and then brain grows a tolerance, important for the survival of individual offspringo The lust stage is important for the survival of the specieso Nature determines that we fall in love but does little to keep us in loveo Monogamous doesn’t say we are faithful - it just says that we stay togethero 17 different tribes or cultures in the Congo - very short (under 5 feet), well proportioned, same size offspring so a lot of care for the mother, live in a jungle type of environment so they hunt with nets (need 2 people)o Attachment keeps people together for 4 yearso Biological advantage to not being monogamous - genetic diversityo Social advances and renegotiationo Lifelong partnerships aren’t inferior, they’re just a lot more workA brief History of Love- Viewed by female at best as very pleasant and at worst very dangerous- Usually a mutual agreement is enough for marriage- Left hand - Romans believe that there was a nerve that ran from that finger to the heart- Bride was dressed in white with a red vail - bridesmaid- Roman girl ready for marriage at 12 to 14- Fathers arranged the marriage- Both bride and groom hoped to gain some happiness, security, companionship, and love- Marriages were forbidden in February and May- Transferred the woman from the authority of the father to that of the husband- Most important part of dress was belt tied around the waist by the mother and only the husband could untie