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USC PSYC 359 - Nature of Friendship

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PSYC 359 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Social Exchange TheoryII. InterdependencyIII. Types of RelationshipsIV. The nature of commitment Current LectureNature of Friendship- Attributes of friendshipo Friendships are characterized by three themes: Caring and affection- Involves sympathy and action on friends behalf - Promote your friend for no personal gain Support and dependability- Reliable - Self-disclosure comes into play in friendships too o Has to be exchange - Create bond of trust  Enjoyment and funo Justified to sort of leave one friend for another if they don’t meet one of these—not so permissible with romantic partners - Thus, friendship is:o A voluntary personal relationship, typically providing intimacy and assistance, in which the two parties like each other and seek each other's companyo No obligation like with family or romantic partner - Compared to romances, friendships are:o Less passionateo Less exclusiveo Less confining, entailing fewer obligations to ones partnero Sex with friends?? Coming up - Still, rich friendships are intimate relationships, involving:o Respecto Trusto Responsivenesso Capitalization They feel happiness and success in your happinesso Social support Three types:- Emotional support in the form of affection and acceptanceo Reduces stresso So far women more likely to provide this- Advice support in the form of information and guidanceo Men more than women- Material support in the form of money and goods  People with secure attachment provide more, give more social support, and are more open to social support  Invisible support is also important—so we don’t feel indebted to our friends  Perception of support is very important - Friendships across the Life cycleo Infancy Toddlers play together cooperatively and take evident pleasure in each other's companyo Childhood  Children's friendships gradually become richer and more complex as they age Robert Selman recognized three stages of childhood friendships- Fair-weather cooperation (until age 10)o “ill be your friend when it suites me”- Intimate-mutual sharing- Autonomous interdependence o Different interpersonal needs may be preferment at different ages Acceptance during elementary school- Some kids are left out Intimacy during middle school- Self disclosure increases- Clicks start so feelings of loneliness may develop  Sexuality during high school o Adolescence Teens spend less and less time with their families and more and more time with their peers Their social networks change over time, as same sex cliques are gradually replaced with romantic partnerships Peer pressure reaches a peak around the age of 15 Stage 1: same sex groups Stage 2: mixing groups of boys and girls, rarely boys and girls spending time along Stage 3: more sophisticated members start mixing with opposite sex, but then they retreat Stage 4: mixing occurs within and between groups  Stage 5: couples form  Stages are formed by a lot of tension and conflict and competition o Young Adulthood and Midlife Erikson: intimacy vs isolation A pattern of dyadic withdrawal occurs when people settle into romantic relationships; as they see more and more of a lover, they see less and lessof their friends  Romantic couples increase interaction with other couples who they have things in common with o Old Age Elderly people have smaller social networks than younger people do Best explanation comes from socioemotional selectivity theory, which holds that because they’re focused on the present instead of the future elderly people seek quality not quantity in their close relationships- Differences in Friendshipo Gender differences in same sex friendships Women's friendships are characterized by emotional sharing and self disclosure Men's friendships revolve around shared activities, companionship and fun o Self-monitoringo Need for intimacyo Depression - Is friendship akin to kinship?o Is there a difference? o Yes, a little o Allocation of resources to kin contributes to overall fitness whereas allocation of resources to friends only contributes to fitness if reciprocated - Can men and women be


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USC PSYC 359 - Nature of Friendship

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