Nomenclature what s in a name Cypripedium reginae Cypripedium hirsutum Cypripedium spectabile showy lady s slipper queen lady s slipper Nomenclature Using Names Nomenclature Using Names Two of the goals for Systematics 1 Identify and name species 2 Classify or place the species in groups Plantae Kingdom Magnoliophyta Phylum Liliopsida Class Asparagales Order Orchidaceae Family Cypripedium Genus Cypripedium acaule Species Hierarchical classification xx Cypripedium acaule Stemless lady slipper Which of the following is a not a true rose in the genus Rosa in the rose family Rosaceae Latin is a language as dead as dead can be 1 Moss rose 2 Lenten rose First it killed the Romans and now its killing me 3 Rose of Sharon 4 Hairy alpine rose previous 400 student previousBotany Bot 400 student Gertrude Stein 1913 Sacred Emily Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose answer later today Common Names Common Names Advantages 15 names in English 44 in French 81 in Dutch 105 in German descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages one species many common names 245 common names but only 1 Latin name Moccasin flower Pink lady s slipper Nymphaea alba L Stemless lady s slipper European white waterlily Common Names Common Names Advantages Advantages descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages one species many common names one common name 2 species e g fireweed Disadvantages Epilobium evening primrose family Erectites aster family one species many common names one common name 2 species e g loosestrife Lythrum loosestrife family Lysimachia primrose family Common Names Advantages Common Names Advantages descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages one species many common names one name 2 species names can be confusing Sweet fern not a fern one species many common names one name 2 species names can be confusing Pineapple not a conifer or apple Common Names Advantages descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages one species many common names one name 2 species names can be confusing Welcome home husband nomatter how drunk ye be also called Hen chicks Common Names Advantages descriptive colorful easy to remember only names for most people Disadvantages one species many common names one name 2 species names can be confusing most plants have no common name Buxbaum s sedge Carex buxbaumii Scientific Names Necessary Scientific Names Necessary all species need names all species need names uniform system of naming to avoid confusion uniform system of naming to avoid confusion facilitates information retrieval Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb Arabidopsis thaliana Scientific Names Necessary all species need names uniform system of naming to avoid confusion facilitates information retrieval International Code of Nomenclature for fungi algae and plants ICN adopted 2011 Melbourne Scientific Names Descriptive at least some times May apple Podophyllum peltatum umbrella foot leaf Scientific Names Scientific names why binomials Serratula foliis lanceolato oblongis serratis pendulis Scientific Names Scientific names why binomials binomial polynomial The species of Serratula with leaves oblong to lanceolate shaped serrate edged and drooping Carolus Linnaeus on a field trip using polynomials describing the New York ironweed Scientific Names Scientific names why binomials Which would you rather learn Serratula foliis lanceolato oblongis serratis pendulis or Serratula noveboracensis Caspar Bauhin originally devised the binomial plan 100 years earlier Scientific Names The species name Species name binomial 2 names Serratula noveboracensis Genus name Serratula capitalized italicized or underlined plural genera Specific epithet or trivial name noveboracensis not capitalized italicized or underlined Latin ending agrees in gender with genus name Serratula noveboracensis L Scientific Names The scientific name Scientific Names Synonyms duplicate names Scientific name species name authority Serratula noveboracensis L Species name Serratula noveboracensis Serratula noveboracensis L Authority Linnaeus abbreviated L the name of the person or persons who provided this binomial for this species Type Method Because of synonomy proliferation of scientific names the type method is used to track names and lessen confusion Every species name must be linked to an herbarium specimen and deposited in an herbarium French botanist Andre Michaux transfers New York ironweed to genus Vernonia Vernonia noveboracensis L Michx Serratula noveboracensis L Vernonia noveboracensis L Michx Authority Michaux came up with this binomial Parenthetical authority Linnaeus first used the specific epithet for this species Type Method The Berlin Herbarium 3rd largest herbarium in the world lost over 20 000 holotypes in May 1944 due to Allied bombing Holotype the particular specimen designated by the author which automatically fixes the application of the name Holotype the particular specimen designated by the author which automatically fixes the application of the name type other specimens to replace holotype when lost or unknown type other specimens to replace holotype when lost or unknown Type Method Required steps in authoring a name for a putative new species of Cannabis Type Method Required steps in authoring a name for a putative new species of Cannabis Find binomial not already taken Specific epithets occupied in Cannabis Cannabis americana Cannabis chinensis Cannabis erratica Cannabis foetens Cannabis generalis Cannabis gigantea Cannabis indica Cannabis intersita Cannabis kafiristanica Cannabis lupulus Cannabis macrosperma Cannabis ruderalis Cannabis sativa Type Method Type Method Required steps in authoring a name for a putative new species of Cannabis Required steps in authoring a name for a putative new species of Cannabis Find binomial not already taken Find binomial not already taken Cannabis bielemaei Lyon Zaborsky Make a type specimen deposit in Wisconsin State Herbarium Lyon Zaborsky 1606 WIS Name after someone important Latin or English description of new species X C obamaei X C sytsmaei Cannabis bielemaei Publish in journal or visible paper product seen in libraries OR now electronically VALID species name but not necessarily good or ACCEPTED species name Type Method The type method means