MCB140 19 01 07 3 MCB140 19 01 07 1 Gregor Johann Mendel Born to a peasant family in Brno then Brunn in Moravia Showed promise in school Studied at the University of Vienna but could not get a degree because of a psychiatric condition exams made him nervous Returned home taught high school physics school Became an abbot at a monastery Bred peas for 8 years Presented the findings to his local nature lovers society Wrote to the leading authority of his time on plant hybridization had his findings rejected as incorrect Died unknown and remained so for 35 years Stands in history next to Newton Darwin and Einstein It s All in the Genes New York Times 5 2 04 MCB140 19 01 07 2 The index case for the present study was a tenyear old child well known to the medical service after regularly performing street theatre He placed knives through his arms and walked on burning coals but experienced no pain He died before being seen on his fourteenth birthday after jumping off a house roof MCB140 19 01 07 4 An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain Nature Dec 14 2006 1 Gravity 2 The color of the sky 3 Heredity Observable phenomena explainable and not 1 Fig 2 11 BASEBALL Blood Sweat and Type O NYT 12 15 06 In the end the Red Sox apparently decided to spend more than 100 million to get the Japanese pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka in a Boston uniform for the next six seasons For intrigued baseball fans in the United States Matsuzaka s relevant statistics are no brainers 26 years old 6 feet 187 pounds and a 108 60 record with a 2 95 earned run average in eight seasons with the Seibu Lions But what many fans the Red Sox front office and even Matsuzaka s determined agent Scott Boras may not realize is that in the eyes of the Japanese Matsuzaka s most revealing statistic might be his blood type which is Type O By Japanese standards that makes Matsuzaka a warrior and thus someone quite capable of striking out Alex Rodriguez or perhaps Derek Jeter with the bases loaded next summer In Japan using blood type to predict a person s character is as common as going to McDonald s and ordering a teriyaki burger The association is akin to the equally unscientific use of astrological signs by Americans to predict behavior only more popular It is widely believed that more than 90 percent of Japanese know their blood type In everyday life in Japan blood type is used as a kind of a social lubricant a conversation starter said Theodore Bestor a professor of Japanese studies and anthropology at Harvard University It s a piece of information that supposedly gives you some idea of what that person is like as a human being Japanese tend to have a fairly strong kind of inherent belief that genetics and biology really matter in terms of people s behavior So I think Japanese might be much more predisposed to thinking about a kind of genetic basis for personality than most Americans would Japanese popular culture has been saturated by blood typology for decades Dating services use it to make matches Employers use it to evaluate job applicants Blood type products everything from soft drinks to chewing gum to condoms have been found all over Japan A person can have one of four blood types A B AB or O and while the most common blood type in Japan is Type A many of the more prominent Japanese players are like Matsuzaka Type O That group includes Hideki Matsui of the Yankees Kazuo Matsui of the Colorado Rockies and formerly of the Mets with whom he was a huge disappointment and Tadahito Iguchi of the Chicago White Sox Sadaharu Oh the great Japanese home run hitter He is type O too as is Kei Igawa the 27 year old Hanshin Tigers left hander who has until Dec 28 to sign with the Yankees In Japan people with Type O are commonly referred to as warriors because they are said to be selfconfident outgoing goal oriented and passionate According to Masahiko Nomi a Japanese journalist who helped popularize blood typology with a best selling book in 1971 people with Type O make the best bankers politicians and if you are not yet convinced professional baseball players MCB140 19 01 07 6 MCB140 19 01 07 8 MCB140 19 01 07 5 MCB140 19 01 07 7 2 MCB140 19 01 07 11 1 Just so stories i e making up an explanation that makes sense Encouraging rare example Francis Crick s invention of tRNA Discouraging overhwelmingly so in numbers examples theories of heredity before Mendel C T dV 2 Scientific method Phenomenon explanation of mechanism MCB140 19 01 07 9 Each of these traits has to be controlled by a single gene B All of those genes have to be tightly linked to the ABO gene on chr 9q 34 C The specific allele of all of those hypothetical genes that makes a person self confident outgoing goaloriented and passionate has to be the one linked to the O allele of the ABO gene whereas the A and B alleles of the blood group gene have to be linked to the lacking self confidence reclusive couch potato and frigid alleles of those genes respectively D All of the above E None of the above A In order for people with type O blood group to also be self confident outgoing goal oriented and passionate what has to be the case Senator H R Clinton R Lewontin How the elephant got its trunk How the camel got its hump Etc MCB140 19 01 07 12 MCB140 19 01 07 10 Their daughter Chelsea Just So Stories R Kipling President W J Clinton Heredity blending inheritance 3 Note if you are unable to cross the red line go give an interview to a newspaper Journalists love conjecture MCB140 19 01 07 15 a consistent with the hypothesis being true 1 b consistent with the hypothesis being wrong 2 c inconclusive 3 1 Observe phenomenon 2 Come up with an explanation for what accounts for it a hypothesis 3 Test the hypothesis by doing something perform an experiment 4 Look at the data from the experiment 5 Determine whether the data are Scientific method MCB140 19 01 07 16 2 3 Describe the characteristics of the garden pea that made it a good organism for Mendel s analysis of the basic principles of inheritance Evaluate how easy or difficult it would be to make a similar study of inheritance in humans by considering the same attributes you described for the pea 2 2 During the millennia in which selective breeding was practiced why did breeders fail to uncover the principle that traits are governed by discrete units of inheritance that is by genes required reading Cobb Heredity Before Genetics a History write out the answer in essay form Problems 2 2 and 2 3 required MCB140 19 01
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