Magnoliophyta Angiosperms Magnoliophyta Angiosperms Survey of Angiosperms using APG system Survey of Angiosperms using APG system What is the APG classification Amborella trichopoda Basal Angiosperms We will begin our survey of angiosperms by examining the basal angiosperms those groups that are now shown to be the oldest diverging paraphyletic Basal angiosperms ANITA basal families magnoliid complex monocots Eudicots or tricolpates 3 pored pollen caryophyllids rosids asterids Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms Charles Bessey s order Ranales are most of the dicot basal angiosperms and monocots Magnolia primitive These include all those shown here except the eudicots which are the bulk of dicots We will look at the monocots a basal angiosperm group at the end of the class polypetaly hypogyny actinomorphic Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms What are basal angiosperms Cronquist s subclass Magnoliidae and monocots Exhibit a suite of primitive character states 1 Many parts at each whorl Cronquist Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms What are basal angiosperms Exhibit a suite of primitive character states Exhibit a suite of primitive character states 1 Many parts at each whorl 2 Separate unsealed carpels 1 Many parts at each whorl 2 Separate unsealed carpels 3 Follicle fruits Drimys Winteraceae Leaf like follicles Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms What are basal angiosperms Exhibit a suite of primitive character states Exhibit a suite of primitive character states 1 Many parts at each whorl 2 Separate unsealed carpels 3 Follicle fruits 4 Laminar stamens 1 Many parts at each whorl 2 Separate unsealed carpels 3 Follicle fruits 4 Laminar stamens 5 Tracheids no vessel elements Laminar stamens in yellow waterlily Basal Angiosperms What are basal angiosperms Exhibit a suite of primitive character states 1 Many parts at each whorl 2 Separate unsealed carpels 3 Follicle fruits 4 Laminar stamens 5 Tracheids no vessel elements 6 Pollen grains single pored apertured furrowed not triaperturate tricolpate Lilium monocot uniaperturate ANITA Basal Angiosperms The ANITA group forms a basal grade paraphyletic Name derived from initials of members ANITA Basal Angiosperms Amborellaceae order Amborellales ANITA Basal Angiosperms Amborellaceae order Amborellales Amborella trichopoda only 1 species from New Caledonia dioecious unisexual evergreen shrub with no vessels P 5 8 A G 5 6 perianth spiralled apocarpic not sealed fruits 1 seeded drupe like ANITA Basal Angiosperms Illiciaceae Schisandraceae now combined into latter family aromatic shrubs vines used in anise liquers Asian tropics and subtropics disjunct in Eastern North America ANITA Basal Angiosperms Illiciaceae Schisandraceae P A G not sealed carpels 1 seeded follicles Japanese anise Illicium Schisandraceae ANITA Basal Angiosperms Trimeniaceae Trimenia with 5 spp Australasian trees shrubs vines P A G1 filamentous stamens berry with one ovule ANITA Basal Angiosperms Biogeographical distributions of the A ITA members of ANITA support old notion that tropical Australasia was center of origin of extant angiosperms ANITA Basal Angiosperms Austrobaileyaceae 1 species of tropical Australian evergreen lianaa P A G laminar stamens fly pollinated ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge water lilies and relatives worldwide distribution except arid regions Distribution of Nymphaeaceae water lilies little biogeographic structure ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge floating or submersed leaves air cavities in tissue mucilaginous coverings lack of vessels 8 genera with specialized ecological aquatic niche ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge Nuphar variegatum yellow waterlily basal angiosperm Obvious ecological convergence in floating aquatics is the rule Check out live aquatic plant display in Birge lobby ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge CA 4 CO A G Nuphar ANITA Nelumbo eudicot Order Nymphaeales once included all these 3 genera Ceratophyllum all are unrelated basal angiosperm Nymphoides peltata water gentian asterid dicot Nymphaea odorata water lily showy flowers with strong scent attracting animals many parts at each whorl laminar stamens ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge CA 4 CO A G showy flowers with strong scent attracting animals many parts at each whorl laminar stamens superior syncarpic pistil ANITA Basal Angiosperms Amazonian Victoria with peltate leaves ANITA Basal Angiosperms Nymphaeaceae 2nd lineage after Amborella to diverge Nuphar variegata yellow pond lily petaloid sepals petals reduced ANITA Basal Angiosperms Cabombaceae 2 genera often placed in Nymphaeaceae Brasenia shreberi water shield small clonal floating aquatic peltate leaves wind pollinated ANITA Basal Angiosperms Cabombaceae 2 genera often placed in Nymphaeaceae Cabomba fanwort ANITA Basal Angiosperms Molecular phylogeny secondary increase in floral structures submersed and floating leaved dimorphic leaves insect pollinated Don Les al 1999 ANITA Basal Angiosperms Hydatellaceae the enigmatic aquatic finds a home Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Remainder of basal angiosperms except monocots hornwort 2 Australasian genera of reduced aquatics Magnoliids monophyletic DNA monocot near grasses new DNA morphology sister to water lilies Hydatella Trithuria Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Remainder of basal angiosperms except monocots hornwort tropical trees or paleoherbs cordate leaves Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliaceae Magnoliales tropical or warm temperate trees or shrubs with large pinnate netted stipulate leaves aromatic ethereal oils ranalian smell flowers large and solitary beetle or fly pollination common Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliaceae Magnoliales P A G perianth tepals spirally arranged androecium of laminar stamens gynoecium of many separate pistils or carpels g g p a a p p Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliaceae Magnoliales P A G fruits of one flower cone or aggregate of follicles dehiscent along one suture derived from one carpel leaf g a Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliid Basal Angiosperms Magnoliaceae Magnoliales P A G fruits of one flower cone of follicles dehiscent along one suture derived from