Groundwater G d t Water Pollution click here for 9 page to print Groundwater terms diagram Groundwater Storage Porosity of rock Spaces p between sand g grains Cracks in crystalline rock Dissolved cavities Permeability Allows water to move Interconnection of pore spaces Groundwater Storage Stored in AQUIFER Porous and p permeable rock Trapped by AQUITARD Impermeable I bl rock k Clay shale Groundwater Movement Very slowly Small openings p g High surface tension P Pressure forces f water t to t areas off lower l pressure Hydraulic gradient Hydraulic head Groundwater movement diagram Carlsbad Caverns Arecibo Puerto Rico Radio Telescope in Sinkhole Karst drainage of manmade lake in Missouri Karst towering buttes http en wikipedia org wiki Yangshuo Thailand Karst Towers http www siue edu GEOGRAPHY ONLINE Gillespie htm Wells after drawdown Artesian wells Ogallala supported agriculture Ogallala Aquifer Exploited in Great Plains agriculture g Water table dropped Recharge rate low San Joaquin Valley y subsidence Not able to recover due to aquifer compaction Hot Springs Water heated by hot rock cooling magma Temperature increases solvent capabilities May contain acids from magmatic water Geysers Special type of hot spring Pressure of water column suppresses boiling Heat H t added dd d eventually t ll overcomes pressure Sudden rise of water increase pressure release on rising Old Faithful photo Old Faithful webcam link http www nps gov archive yell oldfaithfulcam htm Geyser Eruption Geyse upt o Geyser eruption stages Water Drop http www wested org pblnet exp projects H2O html Impurities in Runoff Atmosphere Dissolved substances Silt etc Radon Natural substances in water Drinking water standards Parts per Million ppm Change g 1 000 000 mg to liters 1 mg 1 000 000 mg 1 000 000 1g 1 mL 1L 1 000 000 mg 1L 1 000 mg 1 000 1g 1 000 1 000 mL 1 mg 1 ppm 1L Pollution Sources Contaminated Groundwater Groundwater purification Organic byproducts in water Sewage treatment Primary sewage treatment Secondary sewage treatment Landfill leachate contamination Agriculture sources of groundwater contamination Contamination of Water Micro organisms Mi i Decay yp products Plant nutrients Petroleum compounds Acid Industry Mining Raw Sewage discharge http www nwri ca sande nov dec 2002 e html Plant nutrient pollution http www na fs fed us SPFO pubs n resource riparianforests Tab 20I htm Agricultural Runoff http www na fs fed us SPFO pubs n resource riparianforests Tab 20I htm Oil pollution http www intertanko com tankerfacts sizes pollution htm Mine leachate http www ew govt nz enviroinfo hscs contam Water Pollution http www jvkco com digidare water html Water Pollution Prevention http www jvkco com digidare water html
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