Be sure to attend lab next week Earth Structure Matter Atoms Chemistry Bring the lab manual Must pass lab to pass this class Instructors will give percent lab grade to one another Solar system formed from nebular cloud http www oceansatlas org unatlas about howoceans wereformed2 origin html Scales Three Eras of Life Earth from Space Paleozoic 540 to 280 million years ago Old life trilobites horn corals Mesozoic 280 to 65 million years ago Middle life dinosaurs http www msnbc msn com id 6817636 Cenozoic 65 million years ago to now New life age of mammals http www nature com doifinder 10 1038 438426a Spheres interaction Atmosphere Composition Crust Mantle Core 1 Properties of Earth s interior Lithospheric Plates Convection Crust diagram Lithosphere diagram Lithosphere types Plate Boundaries Crustal Surface Features Continent Ocean Division Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower mantle Outer core Inner core 2 North American Continental Features Earth Cycles Mt St Helens Gibbous Earth Electron cloud Nucleus Nucleus Atom Continent Ocean Division 71 of surface covered with ocean 40 of surface is continental crust Not all of the continental surface is dry http www fs fed us gpnf volcanocams msh New Cle Us Too many people in important positions say it incorrectly do not show your ignorance by doing the same 3 Periodic Table Elements of the Crust Element groups The columns of the periodic table Far right noble gases nonreactive Far left alkali metals extremely reactive 2nd on right halogens extremely reactive 2nd on left alkaline earth metals very reactive 3rd on right chalcogens oxygen family very reactive Ion dot diagram Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium O Si Al Fe Ca Na K Mg 47 28 8 5 4 3 3 2 Dot Diagram Chemical Symbols First letter is capitalized Second letter if present is not capitalized SN is a compound of sulfur and nitrogen Sn is the element Tin Dot diagram of some elements Symbol for element Show valence electrons only Start with one per side Up to two per side Does not matter which side you start on One per side until there are four then add second one per side to a total of eight Ionic Bonds with Dot Diagram Sodium Chloride structure Ions are not electrically neutral Ions are not like the atoms they are derived from Dots for electrons fewer than 4 can be lost More than four find electrons to fill the shell 4 Single element ions Naming compounds Cations element name Anions element name changed to end with ide Chemical Formula of Ionic Compounds Find charges from periodic table Use subscripts to indicate how many of each Combine so the charges cancel to neutral Positive plus negative is zero crossover charges for subscripts How do you know if it makes a negative or positive ion Look at the dot diagram to see if it will lose electrons or gain them Memorize positions in periodic table 1 far left 2 second on left 1 second from right 2 third from right Periodic Table Be sure to attend lab NEXT week Bring the lab manual Must pass lab to pass this class Instructors will give percent lab grade to one another 5
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