PSYCH 230 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. HormonesII. LoveIII. Lust: Craving for SexIV. Long Term AttachmentV. Resulting Conflicts in HumansVI. Family BackgroundOutline of Current Lecture Sexual Expression Cont.I. ReligionII. The Sexual Response Cycle in WomenIII. The Sexual Response Cycle in MenIV. Other Models of Sexual ResponseV. Sexual Fantasy: Enhancement or Unfaithfulness?VI. College StudentsCurrent Lecture I. Religiona. In general, the more religious a person is: - the more conservative their sexual attitudes and behavior- the less they have premarital intercourse- the less they engage in risky sexual behavior- the less they approve of oral sex- the more guilt they experience about sexual behavior II. The Sexual Response Cycle in Women a. Sexual response varies in time spent in each phase among women, & with menstrual cycleb. Excitement: Many stimuli induce excitement- This phase may last minutes to hours- Vasocongestion – increased blood flow to the genitals and/or breasts- Transudation (vaginal lubrication) occurs within 30 seconds, longer if lying down- Tenting effect – vaginal walls expandThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Breasts & areolas enlarge, nipples erect- For childless women:- Labia majora thin & flatten out- Labia minora turn bright pink & swell- For women with children:- Quick vasocongestion & enlargement of labia majora & minora, clitoris may erect- Sex flush on chest first, then spreadsc. Plateau - May last between 30 seconds & 3 minutes - Breast size continues to increase- Clitoris retracts behind hood shortly before orgasm- Clitoral hood rubbing & pulling causes the orgasm during sexual intercourse- For childless women:1. Flattened labia majora & red labia minora- For women with children2. Labia majora engorge & turn dark red- Orgasm can release the pressure from increased vasocongestiond. Orgasm- Orgasmic platform due to vasocongestion in pelvic area- When the vasocongestive pressure reaches a threshold, a reflex of surrounding muscles is triggered- These contractions (primarily uterine muscles) expel the pooled blood & causes pleasurable orgasmic sensations- Orgasmic contractions occur every 0.8 seconds- There are 8-15 contractions in women, the first 5-6 are felt most strongly- This phase has the peak blood pressure and respiration rates- May reduce menstrual cramps by expelling blood from the regione. Resolution - Takes about 5-10 minutes- Body returns to pre-excitement conditions- Blood leaves the genitals, erections dissipate, muscles relax, heart & breathing rates decrease- Some women can experience multiple orgasms with further stimulation- Clitoris may still be sensitiveIII. Sexual Response in Mena. The four-phases are less defined in menb. Excitement- Often very short phase- Tumescence – vasocongestive swelling of the penis- Erection is unstable- Testicles increase by about 50% in size- Testicles are pulled closer to the bodyc. Plateau - May develop a sex flush- Nipple erections- Glans penis engorges with blood- Erection is more stable- Pre-ejaculatory fluid may appear on the head of the penisd. Orgasm- Ejaculation does not always accompany orgasm; men can learn to control it- If ejaculation occurs with orgasm, there are 2 stages:1. In a few seconds, the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, & prostate gland contract, which leads to ejaculatory inevitability2. semen is forced out of the urethra by muscle contractions that occur every 0.8 seconds, the first 3-4 are felt most strongly- Some men can teach themselves to have multiple orgasms by practicing delaying and withholding ejaculation e. Resolution- Glans penis decreases in size- Refractory stage – period in which men cannot be re-stimulated to orgasm1. Time period increases as men ageIV. Other Models of Sexual Response a. Some disagree with Masters & Johnson’s model because it focuses on orgasm and lacks relational and emotional qualities, and that it is a male model of sexualityb. Kaplan’s triphasic model- 3 phases:1. Some disagree with Masters & Johnson’s model because it focuses on orgasm and lacks relational and emotional qualities, and that it is a male model of sexuality2. Kaplan’s triphasic modelc. Reed’s Erotic Stimulus Pathway (ESP)- 4 phases:1. Seduction & sensation phases are psychosocial, surrender (orgasm), reflection (reflect on the experience)d. Tiefer’s New View model- Many important aspects of sexuality: pleasure, emotionality, sensuality, cultural differences, power issues, communication- Women’s sexual experiences don’t neatly coincide with Master’s & Johnson’s modelV. Sexual Fantasy: Enhancement or Unfaithfulness? a. Sexual fantasies are normal and healthyb. They may be a driving force in human sexualityc. Men tend to have sexual fantasies and cognitions more often than womend. Similar fantasies regardless of sexual orientation, with the exception of the gender of the fantasized partnere. Most people have a select few fantasiesVI. College Students a. The majority use sexual fantasy and feel little guiltb. Some experience a lot of guilt and this may decrease their engagement in intimate behaviorsc. Some college student reported jealousy over their partner’s fantasies and equated it with unfaithfulness in a