PSYCH 230 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Statistics and Current TrendsII. ConceptionIII. Early Signs of PregnancyIV. Pregnancy Testing Outline of Current Lecture Contraception and AbortionI. ContraceptionII. Contraception In Ancient TimesIII. Contraception in the United States: 1800s and Early 1900sIV. Contraception outside the U.S.V. Male CondomsVI. Female CondomsCurrent LectureI. Contraception a. Contraception use is affected by b. Social issues – e.g. desired family sizec. Economic issuesd. Knowledge and misinformatione. Religion – limited contraceptives in Catholic regionsf. Gender roles and power – in some areas, men make the contraceptive decisions; for some it is the responsibility of bothII. Contraception In Ancient Times a. Ancient Greeks: magic, superstition, herbsb. Egyptians: fumigating female genitalia, tampon soaked in herbal liquid and honey, inserting a mixture of crocodile feces, sour milk and honeyc. South Africa: insert vegetable seed podsd. Africa: insert a grassy cervical pluge. Persia: insert alcohol soaked spongesf. Greece: insert empty pomegranate halvesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Contraception in the United States: 1800s and Early 1900sa. Concern in early 1800s was to curb poverty by controlling fertilityb. 1873 Comstock laws prohibited dispersing information about contraceptives, including by doctorsIV. Contraception outside the U.S.a. Contraception use is affected by b. Social issues – e.g. desired family sizec. Economic issuesd. Knowledge and misinformatione. Religion – limited contraceptives in Catholic regionsf. Gender roles and power – in some areas, men make the contraceptive decisions; for some it is the responsibility of bothV. Male Condomsa. 1850 – latex condoms available in the U.S.b. $10 to $15/dozenc. Non-expired condom is rolled onto an erect penis (foreskin pulled back), ½-inch empty space at the tipd. Water-based lubricants for latex condomse. Condom grasped at base when withdrawingf. Latex condoms have lower rates of slippage and breakage, offer better STI protectiong. Effectiveness ratesh. Latex condoms: 85-98% i. Latex and polyurethane protect against STI transmissionj. Lambskin condoms block sperm, but contain holes large enough for viruses to passk. Heat can damage condomsl. Advantages- STI protection- Encourages male participation- Inexpensive- No prescription necessary- Can reduce premature ejaculation- Can reduce postcoital drip- No medical side effectsm. Disadvantages- Reduces spontaneity- Can reduce sensationn. Popular in more developed countries; not widely used in some countriesVI. Female Condoms a. In 1993, female polyurethane/nonlatex condoms were availableb. $2 eachc. 7 inches long with 2 flexible ringsd. Inner ring squeezed, inserted close to the cervixe. Outer ring lies outside the vaginaf. Adequate lubrication is necessaryg. Female and male condoms should never be used togetherh. 79-95% effectivei. Female condoms can be difficult to use, uncomfortable, noisyj. 79-95% effectivek. Advantages: prescription not needed for purchase, reduce postcoital drip, can be used by those with latex allergies, can be used with oil-based lubricants, minimal side effectsl. Disadvantages: can be difficult to use, uncomfortable, noisym. Not yet popular in developing
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