PSYCH 230 1st Edition Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture Varieties of Social ExpressionI. What is “Typical” Sexual ExpressionII. Paraphilias Outline of Current Lecture Sexual Images and Selling SexI. The Development of PornographyII. Erotic Literature: The Power of the PressIII. Television and FilmIV. Television, Film and Minority SexualityV. Television, Film and GenderVI. Television and ChildrenCurrent LectureI. The Development of Pornographya. Most sexual representations throughout history had a specific purposeb. Pornography portrays sexuality for its own sake; some create it, others try to stopitc. In the mid-18th century, it began to be seen as a separate sphere of life; influence accelerated by the printing pressd. Erotica refers to sexual representations that are not pornographice. Whether viewed as pornography or erotica depends on the observer II. Erotic Literature: The Power of the Pressa. Societal forces, usually the clergy, censored nudity in public artb. In the 16th century, many began to censor sexual art & literature, which seems tohave started the pornographic subculture that exists todayc. The erotic novel started pornography as a business, provoking responses from religious and governmental authoritiesIII. Television and FilmThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. TV is the single greatest influence on the modern American outlook toward lifeb. TV sanitizes and edits the world it displaysc. In sexual situations, real life issues such as contraception, STIs, morality, sexual dysfunctions and regret are rarely discussedd. Many new programs are graphically explicit in their treatment of sexe. Even networks news reports, motivated by a need for ratings, deliver graphic descriptions of sexual eventsf. 70% of shows contain some sexual contentg. Shows average 5 sexual episodes per hourh. During primetime, 77% of shows contain sexual content and average 6 sexual episodes per houri. 11% of primetime network shows refer to sexual risks & responsibilitiesj. The Clinton-Lewinsky scandal in 1998 set a precedent, allowing networks to use language and sexual references for the first timeIV. Television, Film and Minority Sexualitya. Television lacks much exposure of same-sex behavior and portrayals of the elderly, the disabled and racial and ethnic minoritiesb. Of late, minorities, especially female minorities, have been better represented in reality television c. Film roles for Blacks have been increasing; however, roles for Asian Americans, Latinos and Native Americans are less common V. Television, Film and Gendera. Sexual information on TV is both explicit and implicitb. Men are often in positions of leadershipc. Women, even if in high positions, are sexual temptationsd. Gender stereotyping is especially extreme in TV commercialse. Family Guy and other shows depict stay-at home dadsf. Soap operas are the least stereotypical TV programming- They target women and portray them as competentg. Bones, CSI, and Law & Order portray women as forceful, working outside the home, and dealing with the real-life problems of balancing social life, personal issues, and workVI. Television and Childrena. American teenagers watch TV 4.5 hours per weekb. 2-5 year olds watch 28 hours per weekc. Black and Hispanic youth watch nearly 6 hours per day, compared to 3.5 for Whites d. When children see non-stereotyped behaviors, their stereotypes are reducede. Many children’s shows lack positive female roles and have stereotyped roles for men and