PSYCH 230 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Researcha. Theory and Researchb. Theories about sexualityc. Psychoanalytic TheoryII. Personality FormationIII. Guiding IdentitiesIV. Psychosexual DevelopmentV. Psychosexual Stages of DevelopmentVI. Continuation of Theoriesa. Behavioral Theoryb. Social Learning Theoryc. Cognitive Theoryd. Humanistic Theorye. Biological Theoryf. Evolution Theoryg. Sociological Theoryh. Feminist Theoryi. Queer TheoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Attached, Chapter 1II. Evolutionary TiesIII. The Janus Report 1993IV. Attached, Chapter 2 V. Dependency ParadoxVI. Research ExamplesVII. Communication: Enriching your sexualityVIII. The Importance of CommunicationIX. It Takes Some Learning to CommunicateX. How Women and Men CommunicateCurrent LectureI. AttachedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Our attachment style programs us to act in predetermined ways in relationships b. 3 main attachment styles that influence how people view intimacy, deal with conflict,think about sex, communicate their wishes and needs, and develop expectations in relationships of all kinds1. Secure (50%)2. Anxious (20%)3. Avoidant (25%)4. Anxious/Avoidant (3%-5%)c. Attachment styles come from childhood experiences but also our adult life experiences d. Good news is that it can change on average, ¼ of people change their attachment style over a 4 year periode. More people could change their style if they were awareII. Evolutionary Tiesa. The theoretical foundation of Attachment Theory is evolution is adaptive so not pathology drivenb. Genetic selection favored humans who could close to a few other people and enjoy the protection of the groupc. This adaptive feat is reflected in the brains biological mechanism called the attachment systemd. Protest behaviors are the reflective we have when faced with the loss, potential loss, or imagined loss of an attachment figuree. Role of genetic herogeneity: our emotional brain is not much different than that of our very distant genetic relatives III. The Janus Report 1993a. Married couples reported the highest level of sexual activity and satisfactionb. 3/5 married people said their sex lives improved after marriagec. Men and women were both initiating sexual activityd. Other research shows that the majority of people do not engage in extramarital sexuality IV. Attached Chapter 2a. Getting attached means that our brains become wired to seek the support of our partner by ensuring their psychological and physical proximityb. If our partners fail to reassure us, we are programmed to keep trying c. Therefore, most people are only as needy as their unmet needsV. Dependency Paradoxa. The more effectively dependent people are on one another, the more independent and daring they becomeb. There is an erroneous belief that all people should emotionally self sufficientVI. Research Examplesa. Dr. James Coan: Women who thought they were going to be shocked had the least amount of hypothalamic activation (anxiety) when holding their husbands handsb. Dr. Brooke Feeney: When people felt that their goals were supported by their partner, they experienced an increase in self-esteem and mood after a discussionin the labVII. Communication: Enriching your sexualitya. Early in a relationship we discuss non personal issuesb. “Onion” theory of communication- as time goes by we begin to take layers off and share personal informationc. Good communication is related to happier, more satisfied couples and increases the probability the relationship will lastVIII. The Importance of Communicationa. Communicating cultivate emotional intimacy understanding loveb. Relationship problems often due to poor communication creating anger and frustration-Poor communication skills-Lack of self-disclosure-Poor listening skillsIX. It takes some Learning to Communicatea. Family modelingb. Early gender segregationc. Communication with others involves 3 opposing goals-“get the job done”, send the message-“rational goal”, maintain a relationship-“identity management goal”, portray our self-imageX. How women and Men Communicatea. Conversation with the opposite sex are typically harder than with same sex groups b. Genderlects (Tannen) – Fundamental differences in how men and women communicate-Men: See a hierarchal world with need to maintain status; may interpret comments as challenges to defend “report-talk”-Women: A relational world to connect in and avoid isolation; “rapport-talk” c. Each believes the other sex interrupts mored. Men are more likely to interrupt e. Men tend to speak one at a time and other comments are considered an interruption-When men interrupt they expect to be the primary speakerf. Women use overlapping talk when another interjects but does not take over in the