PSYCH 230 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. External Sex Organs II. Skene’s Glands/Female ProstateOutline of Current Lecture Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology I. Internal Sexual OrgansII. The BreastsIII. Female PubertyIV. MenstruationCurrent LectureI. Internal Sexual Organs a. Vagina – 4 inch, thin-walled accordion-like tube from the introitus to the cervix, tilted back; organ of intercourse and canal for menses and babies; lubricant secreted from vaginal wall openings when engorged; first 1/3 contains many nerve endings, inner 2/3 has little nervesb. Grafenberg Spot (G-spot) – dime to quarter sized spot in the lower third of anterior vaginal wall (2-3 inches up), just past the pubic bone; sensitive area; controversial issue, no scientific proof of existence; sensitivity might be due to stimulation of the bulbs of clitorisc. Uterus – 1-inch thick walls, hollow, muscular organ between the bladder and rectum; monthly cycle of change; menstruation, protects fetus, contractions to expel menses and fetus; 3 inches long, 2 inches wide- 3 uterine wall layers:- Perimetrium - Myometrium - Endometriumd. Cervix – at bottom of the uterus; doughnut-shaped; secretes mucus to help or impede sperm, depending on the monthly cycle- Os – opening leading into the uterusThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.e. Fallopian Tubes (oviducts) – two 4-inch long trumpet shaped tubes that extend from the sides of the uterus and curve up to and around the ovaries- Ampulla – typical site of fertilization- Infundibulum – has fimbriae surrounding the ovaries to collect an egg upon releasef. Ovaries – form of an almond shell; contain 250,000 ova each; produce estrogenII. The Breastsa. Breasts (mammary glands) – modified sweat glands that produce milk; fatty tissue, 15 to 20 lobes, and milk-producing glands (alveoli)b. Alveoli→Secondary tubules→Mammary ducts→Lactifierous sinuses→nipple- Nipple, areolac. Sucking stimulates pituitary gland to release prolactin (begin milk synthesis) and oxytocin (release of milk)d. Augmentation most common cosmetic procedure for American womenIII. Female Puberty a. Some girls experiencing physical changes as early as age 7b. Earlier onset of menstruation may be due to being overweight; can vary with racec. Begins when pituitary gland initiates release of FSH and LH, which increases the ovaries production of estrogen d. Increased size of Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts, buttocks, thighse. Pelvis widensf. Pubic hair growsg. During puberty (usually 11 or 12 years), ovulation commencesh. Mittelschmerz – slight pain in some women with ovulationi. Menarche – first period; although it may be a few months before or after ovulation begins; occurring earlier, especially in developed countriesIV. Menstruation a. Menstruation – uterine lining is shed if no pregnancy; tissue and blood are releasedb. Menstrual cycle – lasts about 24 to 35 days; average is 28 daysc. Menstrual cycle has four phases:- Follicular phase- Ovulatory phase- Luteal phase- Menstrual phased. Follicular phase – begins after menstruation ends; lasts 6-13 days; ovarian follicles begin to ripen; estrogen promotes development of endometrium to 2-5 millimeters thicke. Ovulatory phase – around day 14, an ovum is released due to FSH and LH that have ripened primary follicles; one follicle matures completely (secondary follicle) and ruptures, releasing the egg to be caught by the fimbriaef. Luteal phase – corpus luteum forms on the ovary where the secondary follicle ruptured; it secretes progesterone and estrogen for 10-12 days to further develop the endometrium to 4-6 millimeters thick; without fertilization, the progesterone and estrogen levels signal to the hypothalamus to decrease LH and the corpus luteum deteriorates and estrogen and progesterone drop significantlyg. Menstrual phase – endometrial buildup is expelled through uterine contractions for 3-7 days; volume of menses is about 2-4 tablespoons of fluidh. Negative Feedback