PSYCH 230 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Sexually Transmitted InfectionsII. Attitudes About Sexually Transmitted InfectionsIII. High Risk Groups and STIsIV. Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Sexually Transmitted InfectionsV. Ectoparasitic InfectionsOutline of Current Lecture Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS Cont. I. GonorrheaII. ChlamydiaIII. SyphilisIV. Bacterial Vaginosis V. TrichomoniasisCurrent LectureI. Gonorrheaa. Also called the “clap” or “drip”b. Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeaec. Survives only in mucous membranes, such as the cervix, mouth, urethra, rectum, throat, eyesd. Transmitted when mucous membranes contact each other e. Incidence: In 2009 301,174 reported cases in U.S. (actual number closer to 700,000)f. Highest rates amongg. Those aged 15-24h. African American Males (26x higher than in white males in 2009i. African American Females (17x higher than in white femalesj. Highest rates in the South and Midwest; lowest in the West and Northeastk. Symptoms: 1. Men: most have symptoms; epididymitis, urethral discharge, painful, frequent and urgent urinationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Women: most are asymptomatic; cervix is most common infection site; urinary frequency, abnormal bleeding, PID3. Swelling, pain and pus in the joints4. Rectal gonorrhea: bloody stools and pusl. Diagnosis: examine for bacteria in a sample of the dischargem. Treatment: antibiotics (usually injection of Ceftriaxone or other antibiotic combination)II. Chlamydiaa. Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatisb. Transmitted through vaginal intercourse, oral and anal sex; mother can infect newborn during childbirthc. Incidence: most commonly reported infectious disease in the U.S.; 1,244,189 cases inU.S. in 2009d. Symptoms: many people are asymptomatic; a “silent disease”1. Female symptoms: burning while urinating, painful intercourse, pain in lower abdomen, bleeding/spotting2. Male symptoms: penile discharge, burning while urinating, burning and itching at penile opening, pain or swelling of testiclee. Bacteria that causes chlamydia may also cause epididymitis and nongonococcal urethritis in menf. Diagnosis: culture cervical discharge for women, blood test, urine test for men; yearly screening recommended for sexually active women under 25 and older women with risk factorsg. Treatment: antibiotics for 7-10 days; some cases have become drug-resistanth. Chlamydia is highly contagious; leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies III. Syphilisa. Bacterium Treponema pallidumb. Live in the mucous membranesc. Typically first infects the cervix, anus, penis, lips or nipplesd. Congenital syphilis can transmit through placenta during first or second trimestere. Incidence: 13,997 cases reported in 2009f. Symptoms (Cont.)1. Stage 2: secondary syphilis after chancres disappear (3-6 weeks after chancre has healed)2. Syphilis invades the central nervous system3. Reddish patches on the skin, possible wart-like growths in area of infection4. Lymph glands enlarge and are tender5. Headaches, fever, anorexia, flu-like symptoms, fatigueg. Diagnosis: culture taken from a lesion; blood testsh. Treatment: If person has been infected for less than a year, a single injection of antibiotics is the treatment. If progresses to later stages, not treatable and often fatal.IV. Bacterial Vaginosisa. Most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age; half are asymptomaticb. Increased susceptibility with: multiple partners, douching, low concentrations of beneficial vaginal bacteria, women having sex with womenc. Increased risk of PID and endometriosisd. Treatment: metronidazole or clindamycin (orally or vaginally)V. Trichomoniasisa. Trichomonas vaginalisb. Female symptoms 3-28 days after infection: increase in yellowish, frothy and foul-smelling vaginal discharge; burning/itching in vagina; some are asymptomaticc. Male symptoms: urethra, asymptomatic, discharge at tip of penis, burning while urinating or ejaculating, mild discharged. Treatment: metronidazole