ARTS 150 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Lecture 5I. Middle RenaissanceII. Republic of Florence, Italya. Cathedrals Outline of Lecture 6Overview of Renaissance periodsI. Middle Renaissancea. MasaccioCurrent Lecture*Know where things are (doors: baptistery behind the cathedral)100 years between the South and East doors, latter is much deeper and more fluid, better understanding of underlying musculatureLate 13th-14th century – Early Renaissance (trecento=1300s): artists are trying to understand more of how things work and not just copy what they see15th century – Middle Renaissance (quattrocento=1400’s): art doesn't just show you back your reality, what you see on the painted surface should be like looking through a window, should obey all natural laws (depth, anatomy, lighting)Late 15th-16th century: artists have mastered naturalism techniques and are bringing art to new heights *this chronology is true for northern ten as well but retains more gothicLate 16th century – Mannerism: artists are trying to do something different as they come out of the Renaissance, often the work is odd These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Middle Renaissancea. Trinity (1425-1428), fresco covering the wall (21’x10.5’), Masaccio ([means rough Thomas], dies at 28, major influence)i. Shows father, Holy Spirit, son, Mary, donors, tomb under showing death and resurrectionii. Very believable sense of architectural space, background of coffered ceiling receding to show space (others will use floor tiles)iii. The musculature of the bodies is detailed, especially Jesus, artists are undergoing scientific work to understand how the body works, flesh seems palpable, but his body still seems strained (in crucifixion your chest sinks down into your diaphragm and you can pull yourself up with your arms for breath until they give out and you suffocate) iv. God is behind Jesus to carry him up to heaven, make you feel like you’re witnessing the miracle, makes religious events more believable like they’re actually therev. Tomb: everyone will die hopefully you made good choices and will getto go to heaven, clearly had access to a skeleton, sometimes artists would dig up graves (usually of criminals not given Christian burial)Coffered ceiling=a way to make the ceiling lighter, ceiling is covered in square or rectangular indents/sunken panels b. Expulsion from Eden and Tribute Money, there is a window across from painting that allows light to hit the image, he uses the winos as his figurative light source for the shadows on his painting*Fresco is lighter*Northern artists are more concerned with surface detail*Masaccio shows more what happens to body under certain conditions/positions, more internalstructure evident and movement oriented, female body still seems unrealisticc. Tribute money, Masaccioi. Jesus and disciples come to city to teach, meet tax collector who won’t let them enter the city without paying, Peter is outraged an argues with the tax collector but Jesus says "Render unto Ceaser thatwhich is Ceaser’s and render unto God that which is God's." Meaning: obey laws of man that don't interfere with your relationship to godii. Incorporates continuous narration: Jesus tells peter to fish, peter fishes, fish has money in mouth, peter pays tax collector,Modeling=shading iii. "For the first time with Masaccio, men stand on their feet" tax collector especially, really seems to have his weight on his feet, grounded-ness, there are no coffered stones or ceiling tiles but you still can feel the depth on the foreground, does show mountains getting lighter as they get furtherd. Hercules and Antaeus, Antonio del pallaiuolo, owned by the Medici family, small interior sculpture in bronzei. Hercules fighting a son of the earth god, squeezes him to death while holding him above ground because ground revives him when he touches itii. Everyone is fighting everyone in Italy at this time, not all art has to have Christian ties now, sculpture is dynamic, sort of out if context with Renaissance, shows great understanding of body in the action, pioneeringe. Pallaiuolo also does metal engraving and developed it to a high degree, "Battle of Ten Nudes" nudity is to show knowledge of Greco-Roman art and ofthe physiology of the body, the bodies form almost a catalog of positions, lotsof carnage, more a demonstration of his knowledge than for aesthetic or metaphorf. Birth of Venus, Botticelli, a favorite artist of Medici, tempura on canvas(not usually the best, wood is better) i. Athena born from the froth of the ocean, greeted by zephyrs and his wife as well as one of her nymphs, one of first female nude paintings that is not of Eveii. Body: she’s very masculine (abs, slightly swelling abdomen, arms are too long and not the same length, very sloping and slightly narrow shoulders) if you think about her trying to move it doesn't seem believable, balance is off as if she would just fall over, putting body together not through observation but more of a decoration through elegant linesiii. Naturalism is present but not in all aspects (water)*Different artists have different interests for their art to convey (focus on perspective/depth, human anatomy, general aesthetic, etc.)g. Primavera, Botticelli, i. Complex allegory, zephyrs is on right, “adopting” (abducting) Chloris the nymph, they get married and she becomes Flora, Venus is in middle with her son cupid(blindfolded) above her, the three graces (chastity, beauty, and love) dance in a circle, mercury (messenger of gods and god of doctors) is dispelling the storm cloudsii. Allegory on marriage: husband chooses wife (she has no choice), she becomes “fertile goddess”, Venus presides, three graces are qualities of a good wife, mercury dispelling clouds before they start iii. Takes place in great garden, botanists can distinguish species from details in the plants and flowersNeoplatonism=this work do form is a distant echo of a more pure form, mixing Christian and pagan valuesiv. There can generally be two readings for things of this nature: ex. Venus Greco-Roman goddess of love, or depiction of Mary (through her great love she brought us Jesus)h. Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter, Perugino, in Sistine chapel in Romei. Symbolism, peter is first pope, "Peter you are the rock on which I will build my church." Popes get their power from