Lecture 2 9 6 13 1 How do you define metabolism catabolism and anabolism a Metabolism i sum of all life processes b Catabolism i Breaking down molecules polymers energy production c Anabolism i Building up of muscles polymers from smaller units ii Energy storage 2 What is the 1st law of thermodynamics and what relevance does it have to performance a Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted to different forms 3 What is the basic unit of energy a Kilocalories Calories 4 What kind of molecules contain useable energy a Fats CHO s ethanol PRO 5 What is energy balance a Energy input energy output 6 What are 2 strategies used to maintain energy balance and what are the human equivalents to the gila monster and the golden crowned kinglet a Gila monster low output low intake b Golden crowned kinglet high output high intake 7 What do we mean by Human Performance a Athletic performance b One event one season whole career Lecture 3 9 9 13 1 What are some of the possible ways to define Human Performance a One event one season whole career 2 Is exercise the same thing as physical activity If not how would you differentiate between the two a No b Exercise planned done for the sake of doing it c Physical activity different goal in mind 3 Are physical characteristics like low body fat a key component of health What are some specific examples of being healthy without being lean Being lean without being healthy a Not necessarily sometimes though b Lean without healthy bulimia anorexia nervosa c Healthy without lean slow fat triathlete 4 What are the characteristics of people who are fit but fat a Low Blood triglycerides level 5 How is it possible for physically active people to maintain a high body fat content a Input is higher than output b genetics 6 In the study by Gerson et al she compared a group of 10 lean fit women Body fat 17 training 10 hr per week with group of 10 overweight fit women Body fat 34 train 10 hr per week and group of 10 overweight unfit women Body fat 36 no regular exercise Despite having TWICE the body fat blood triglycerides were as low in overweight athletes OA as in lean athletes LA Non exercising women OS had triglycerides that were much higher meaning less healthy Does this mean that body fat has no effect on overall health or athletic performance a No generally people with higher body fat are less healthy and have poorer performance However it is worse to be slim and unfit that to have high body fat percentage Lecture 4 9 11 13 1 What is meant by the term diet 2 3 a Habitual pattern of eating What are some of the problems with trying to accurately measure someone s habitual diet a People lie b People change behavior Why is it important to be able to accurately measure diet a Accurate assessment can relate to athletic performance and health Does this prove that the more fat you have in your diet the greater your risk to get heart disease If not why not What are some things that are not being considered based on graph of of people who get heart disease vs dietary fat as a of total kilocalories a Not necessarily there are too many factors gender age ethnicity other risky behaviors 5 Even if all of the other factors are accounted for can you say with certainty that more fat in the diet more heart disease Why not a No 4 b c Unethical to test for correlation What are some of the barriers to doing an EXPERIMENTAL study in which you take a group of people and control the amount of fat in their diet and assess which ones get heart disease a Cost b Time c Unethical 7 Why is it unwise to change your diet or exercise patterns based on the results from just one study a Not conclusive b May be extremely specific and not apply to you 6 Lecture 5 9 13 11 1 What is resting metabolic rate a Energy required to do nothing be alive 2 What kinds of factors determine the resting metabolic rate Which one is the most important and why a Age b Gender c Activity d Genetics e 3 Biggest contributor muscle mass higher number of calories burned while at rest What is diet induced thermogenesis What is it used for About what of the total daily energy expenditure is it a b c 10 of total energy needs average about 240 kcals energy required for digesting absorbing food What happens to the DIT when you try to lose weight by eating fewer Calories How does the change affect the maintenance of lost weight a DIT goes down fewer Calories burned 5 What is important about ATP adenosine triphosphate a Energy used by the body 6 What factors determine the total amount of energy ATP required to accomplish a task 4 a b c d Rest exercise Intensity Availability of stored fuels duration Lecture 6 9 16 13 1 What are the overall goals of digestion and absorption a Get nutrients for the body and get rid of what isn t needed 2 What key processes occur in the mouth What nutrient is primarily involved a b Liquefication saliva Mechanical disruption chewing what key processes occur in the stomach What nutrient is primarily involved What is the significance of pepsin What happens to CHO digestion in the stomach and why a Muscle contraction b HCl gastrin pepsin chemical digestion c Pepsin breaks down proteins d CHO stops because amylase is denatured 4 what key processes occur in the duodenum upper 12 18 of the small intestine a Released slowly into intestine combines with pancreatic juices bile duct 5 what key roles does the pancreas play in digestion a Pancreas neutralizes acidic food sodium bicarbonate 6 what is the major function of bile 3 Bile made in liver coats fat droplet cholesterol prevents them from forming big drops 7 What is the connection between bile and blood cholesterol levels a a Lecture 7 9 18 13 1 How are fats digested and what are the products a Lipases b Triglycerides and fatty acids 2 What enzyme digests carbohydrate and what is the a Amylase glucose product What enzyme digests protein and what are the products a Pepsin b Amino acids 4 Where does most nutrient absorption take place 3 a 5 6 7 8 9 What anatomical modifications in the jejunum increase the possibility that all nutrients will be efficiently absorbed a Folds i Rolling hills b Villi i Increase by 10x c Microvilli i Increase by 20x ii Hedgehog spikes How much do these modifications increase the surface area a 600x 250 square meters total How do sugars fatty acids and amino acids leave the inside of the small intestine a Absorbed by intestinal cells b Transported out by transport proteins c Different paths for water soluble vs