i. Because all of the rituals mentioned (religious based holidays- without even saying so) even when not religious, (adoption celebration) its in realm of what you would call supernatural/metaphysical1. This is day we came together as a family2. Other worldly value/belief/focus3. Doesn’t have to be religious4. Like the new year- about beginning of new year and promise it holds- also supernatural efficacy- not about God/diety- about other metaphysical realm*5. You will find that a lot with ritual*6. Ex/ hazing- around supernatural efficacy- through this process you were forged a new process- something diff/unique that emerges from thisii. In organizations not sanctioned by company- can be intense but don’t have to do itiii. So formalized behavior doesn’t mean its not informal thingiv. There’s a very relational aspect that transcends the everyday when you talk about rituali. Ex/ Dr. Ballard went to ceremony – Honors Day ceremony- its planned, sanctioned, formal- you may not imbue a ceremony with any meaning of your own thoughii. With ceremonies- idea is that there is nothing inherent in ceremony even though its planned/formal- power of ritual comes from how you imbue it/how you form it in your family to be valuableiii. Whereas formal ceremony may or may not be as valuableiv. Different ceremony types in organizationsv. Graduation serves as all of these except Degradationvi. Graduation= ceremony of passage, moving onto different station in lifevii. Often at Graduation- there is some award to someone who has done something- sense of renewal for faculty – renewal is reminder of what you value (opportunity to pull out the whole organizational mission and vision and drive that home- “this is what we value, this is why we are here”)viii. Renewal- in family- sense of we are back togetherix. Integration- in Graduation- its entire community that becomes integrated- new faculty and old faculty, sense of here we are as community and we become integrated through this processx. Degradation- can happen in sports a lot- whoever loses, theres an angry dialogue about what you shouldn’t have done- in sales, if quotas weren’t being met- and manager was angry – happens in different settings like workb. **Ritual and ceremony very integration center and group center- relating past, present, future togetheri. many ceremonies have aspects of ritualsi. Goes back to Warner- celebration is the least stylized or formalized behaviorsii. If we think about distinction between ritual and celebration- celebration is least stylized/formalized and least rigidty and least related to beliefs- in other words, its not a big deal…not making a big deal out of a particular celebration (for thanksgiving- time to be together with family- nothing more, not that concerned, come whenever)iii. BUT if you see a holiday where its lowkey- more likely a celebration than a ritual*iv. But when you hear details like Persian new year- its very elaborate, timing regulated that’s a ritualv. Continuum of celebration to ritual- ritual very much related to time and focus/rigidity…and on celebration side not so much related to timeb. All of these things are typically repeating*- all of them- maybe not for one person but in broader scheme of family/organization- maybe erratic to when it happens- but something that will continue and will go onc. Celebration means its lowkey holidayBoth have same communicative function= not a hierarchy of some matter moreJust different temporallySo a wonderful celebration is just as valuable as a wonderful ritualThe fact that celebration may change every yearEx/ husband turned 40- she had huge party for him- but it was just a celebration- even though it was elaborate event, wasn’t that it was so formalized- it was just a big celebrationNot that one is more grand- ritual/celebration- and one doesn’t matter more- they look different temporally**Rituals= more rigid temporallyCelebrations= more spontaneousi. Warner says that all phenomena are holistic events (every meeting, ritual, ceremony)ii. As comm scholars- people matter- time scholars matter about timecontinuing a ritual the way its always been- reaffirms a social relationshipsex/ having Christmas the way its always been- reaffirms things are the way they have always beenex/ birthday- mom still doing it- reaffirms that ‘you will always be my baby’in contrast- when you cant look for Easter eggs- challenges it saying you aren’t a kid anymoreso through changing you are challenging it and reaffirming by keeping it the same**ex/ birthday that hurt the girl- bc she couldn’t be herselfc. Bar/bat mitzvahs- literally displaying your social/individual and collective identityi. Time itself is very important in all of theseii. Weddings- why you pay large amounts for anything associated with a wedding- bc its idea that you will only do this once- same thing with bar/bat mitzvah bc focus is on becoming adult for this one eventiii. All rituals or ceremonies vary on these dimensionsiv. Some have high temporal salient- some donti. Whether it occurs in small or large time scale- will it happen a lotii. Ex/ Temporal scale of 50 anniversary is huge- a 2 year anniversary isn’t as big*iii. 50th year anniversary- you wont have an anniversary as big as that-i. Pace of different holidays varyii. Can either be really fast or very denseiii. There can be a lot that goes oniv. Persian new year- very dense- filled with lots of activities, faster pacev. Ex/ Christmas happens for week- not fast but very dense- a lot going on for this one holidayi. Kids cant get presents until 9 pm- we want a certain order so presents aren’t the whole dayii. Persian New Year- has particular order for doing thingsi. How regular it is*ii. You might have a very irregular ritual- its not every year or every 5 years- a little more random- its not cyclicaliii. Patterns are more irregular- versus Christmas which is every yeariv. Ex/ Family reunions- might occur – or when family meets up just for graduation – or when babies are bornCMS 372T Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Past, Present, FutureOutline of Current Lecture II. Past Positive- RitualIII. CeremonyIV. Past Positive- CelebrationV. Communicative Functions of Ritual/CeremonyVI. Temporal Functions of Ritual/CeremonyCurrent Lecture:I. Past Positive- Rituali. Because all of the rituals mentioned (religious based holidays- without even saying so) even when not religious, (adoption celebration) its in realm