i. In a work contextii. Think of urgency expands beyond simple task completion and deadlines- can go towards preoccupation with time and time meaningiii. Distracted driving simulator- sometimes its preoccupation with responding and being timelyiv. Recursively-v. Construals are so important- they are beliefs so they are really predictive of so many other enactmentsvi. This is recursive relationship*vii. Construals and enactments are interrelated that are recursively driven*viii. THIS MEANS= each one shapes the other*ix. The way you construe time is going to effect how you enact time**x. THEN the way we routinely enact time, is going to leave us with certain construal of timexi. We can debate whether construals cause enactmentsxii. Its statistically hard to determine but the point is…IT DOESN’T MATTER because we know (When talking about recursively) because we know the are interrelated**xiii. Highly correlated and recursively drivenxiv. SO THAT if you feel a strong sense of urgency, you will move faster*xv. When you don’t feel urgency, you will move slowerxvi. Urgency and pace have highest correlationi. Urgency can be thought of in two ways: as a STATE (whatever particular moment you feel sense of urgency) or a TRAIT (some people are born with more urgency)a. Rhetorical scholar that looks at way the show 24 is constitutedb. He critiques the ethics of urgency that are identified in this filmc. Samaritan experiment based on STATE of urgency not a traita. Tested at Princeton- gathered 40 students in experiemtn that was extensively about religious teachings and vocationsb. Students in one building with questionnairec. Then went to another building that would get:’i. Short speech on vocationii. Speech on good samaritand. Researchers told students they were in a rush to get to this event- amount of rush differede. In alleyway- there was a man in need of helpf. They made sure subjects walking by saw himg. Questionwould they stop and help?h. 1st variable= what talk they would givei. Variable:i. A) good Samaritan talkii. B) vocation talkj. Greater the hurry…less likely to help!**k. In HIGH HURRY- only 10% of those actually stopped to offer helpl. LOW HURRY- wasn’t much of rush, over 63% actually stopped to helpm. **major differencen. TAKEAWAY- very often we are too quick to make dispositional judgments about ourselves and other people- we don’t know circumstances about people’s situations (maybe in a rush or maybe not)a. ISSUES:i. Children and whether the pressure is leading to ethical compromisesii. Organizations/institutions and whether the pressure to produce shorter product life cycles (getting things out faster and new things out faster) is that leading to environmentally unsound behaviorsiii. Is urgency/how is urgency related to reflexivity (stopping to think about…should i? is it good idea?) can we be so reflexive when we are “under the gun?”i. If you have a chronic and severe sense of time urgency- this one question makes you officially TYPE Aii. Time urgency is central to Type Aiii. Is your work centered around all of these things that are deadline driveniv. Some people are just calm and centeredv. Do you neglect everything elsevi. Are you really drivenvii. Very competitiveviii. A lot of body movements and speechix. Rushing conversationi. They said if you have this behavior style you will have coronary heart disease- causes coronary heart disease1. That is not true!2. Findings- not true- BUT there are factors of Type A behaviors (aspects of Type A) the hostility, but they were suppressing itthat WAS related to heart disease3. But separate researchers have found hypertension IS related to time urgency/impatience BECAUSE urgency causes an elevated sympathetic nervous system activity4. When you feel urgency- sympathetic nervous system gets activated and over time if you routinely do this, it will lead to hypertensioni. More than 9 billion rapid oscillationsii. Time scientists- there is no second in natureiii. To make it more precise its literally more than 9 billion rapid oscillationsiv. 1/86,4000 of a day (Directorate of Time; Dept. of Defense) was too imprecise1. these were people from Navy who had to compute this bc they actually needed to know- this is all owned by military because its actually how we compute and how long it takes to say thisv. Bullets and rain drops are motionless in a nanosecond*1. This is what happens in a second/nanosecondvi. That’s a pretty small amount of timevii. Even though a second doesn’t really exist and a nanosecond is not perceptible by the human body (cant tell when bullet is motionless)viii. Matters because of websites!i. You could lose $2.5 million in sales- typically earns $100,000 a dayii. This second matters like crazy!**iii. We want websites to be bigger and more complex- because we want them to meb. Slow load time was biggest issue for more than ¾ of thema. because that is money being lostb. time is moneyc. and speed is LOTS of moneyd. more than half of user will abandon after waiting more than 3 seconds for page to loade. we don’t have accurate perception of timef. bc websites and internet operate in nanosecondsg. we are used to using things that are so fast- so we expect them to be super-fast and when they aren’t…we have a problem*h. person perceives it being 15% sloweri. **urgency is so recursive- we are used to fast pace, get used to it, creates more urgency and there is more dollars!j. We expect speed when it comes to the internetCMS 372T 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Work and SleepOutline of Current Lecture II. UrgencyIII. State and TraitIV. Reading-Ethics on UrgencyV. Video- Princeton studyVI. Video- colleges/institutionsVII. Trait: Type A PersonalityVIII. Claims by Friedman and RosenmanIX. Just a secondX. Why websites are slowXI. Why speed really mattersCurrent Lecture:I. Urgencyi. In a work contextii. Think of urgency expands beyond simple task completion and deadlines- can go towards preoccupation with time and time meaningiii. Distracted driving simulator- sometimes its preoccupation with responding and being timelyiv. Recursively- v. Construals are so important- they are beliefs so they are really predictive of so many other enactmentsvi. This is recursive relationship*vii. Construals and enactments are interrelated that are recursively driven*viii. THIS MEANS= each one shapes the other*These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture.