a. Multitasking, multicommunicating, etcb. If you think of a line- people on it- whoever is closest will get to front firstc. Linearity= referencing things done in very direct/straight way or is there a circular path…d. Multitasking- new thinge. Cont with enactments- now getting into actually ways we do timei. Focused on task completionii. Discrete, segmented, or all togetheriii. Still have implications on relational comm not just taski. Our preferences strongly relates to our behaviors and vice versaii. This is cultural dimension of it- came from cultural distinctioniii. Feeling like this is the best way if not onlyiv. Just references more circular versus more linear path to task completionv. Might seem faster to be more linear but we might explore thatvi. Maybe theres cases where its not the case/or other issues that are relevantvii. When you add speed to it (trying to be Tayloristic) to polychronicity you get MULTITASKING if your goal is to do it faster** (that’s why the food burns)Ex/ Children do whatever they want to do- you cant figure it out- you cant force them to be orderlyCooking- you set timers bc you like to multitask (multitasking doesn’t work bc you can burn something) theres a diff between that and polychronicityi. Its contemporary thing-ii. In early 90s, you wouldn’t hear in daily convo a lot about multitaskingiii. In late 90s people started talking about itb. Hall’s early observationsi. Were just about polychronicity- just about the event itselfii. It was a very diff reason you were doing multiple things at onceiii. But in computer science…we got MPPiv. Things were getting done faster bc you had multiple parallel processors on a taskv. So you were literally multitasking so things got accomplished fastervi. We started talking about it as something that people do so started getting diff definitionsVOLITIONAL= meaning you of your own volition multitask (of your own choosing or choice- its voluntary)i. The power of concentration reading= the progression of research in this area has gone from people looking at multitasking/people curious/looking at way things ping us and us creating/having more agency AND then a lot of it has moved to a side where when we don’t have technology (we check it when we don’t need to check our email- you don’t want to let it come at you and shape you- its entrainment, you want to be your own pacesetter, don’t want technology to be doing it to you)*a. Sherry Turkle- works at MIT- again this is mix of people from social science and computer science…so many people interested in this- mix of people who have found this relevant to their own work is really diverse- she wrote “Alone Together”b. Her experiences they were all in the same house but all in other worlds (people on phone and laptops) – we now have tools to reach so many people (lady went on honeymoon and didn’t know anything for 2 weeks…that doesn’t happen anymore)c. Professor saying not doing well bc distracted by everything else so not studying effectively as they canStanford- Thought he was effectivebut results were slower when switching versus doing things at onceMost multitaskers thinks they are brilliant at itBut turns out they are terrible at it! They get distracted- memory disorganized- worried that it may be creating people who are unable to think well and clearly*this is effecting all of usDocumentaryTheir brain isn’t fully developedSo someone who does this with all their time- will have a profound effect on their brain2 fold increase in the front part- decision making when on internetwe are making a lot of decision when searching onlineit doesn’t mean we are making us smarter…not as much decision making activity when reading a booksmall is better- you want score to go down, like golfhis study wasn’t confirmation of internet’s benefical effectsit was call for researchtechnology and new practices that go with them- it keeps outdistancing research- research cant keep up**it is addictive- theres controversy on whether it is or not- but Small thinks it isMulticommunicatingPrevious classtalking about the phone stacking game- how appropriate to carry on multiple convos if one is face to face and other is notAbility to multicommunicate- what if its all done through technologyGiven our experiencesmulticommunicating and task switching**linearity, polychronicity, multicommunicating, etc = all diff terms for exact same issue we are talking about**reason this is a new term is that it requires media with certain featuresmedia allows us to compartmentalize- separately this convo and this convo, im/text/emailand a flexibility of tempo- I don’t look at phone while at dinner with parents, bc there is no flexibility there (they wont let me) but with friends I have a little flexibilityyou can be multicommunicating at a lower or higher level depending on how many of these you have/do on scale of 1-10 (open convos, how quickly are you having this conversation back and forth, the less integrated the roles the more it will create a challenge bc they are very distinct social roles, how many topics about/distinct topics you manage at one time)social role if its people who have power over you…prob feel like you have to answer**this is not the same as just a sequential/lots of meetings in day- that’s not multicommunicating- if its sequential don’t count- if group interaction, that’s also not it- that’s just group interaction- if it’s a lot of parallel convo (you are having one and it ends, or multiple not tech related, that’s also not the same)Task SwitchingLast term- if you were doing lit review and wanted to learn about multi-tasking, you could google any of these terms that we have discussed- last term- task switchingThis is juggling/handing interruptionsSometimes an interruption, while juggling, you are doing it yourself and you are back and forthOther times its non-volitionalyou are in the middle of one thing and you get interruptedInterruption Science- information science bc its so central to comm technologyThis is why Linda Stone has talked about Continuous Partial AttentionBc we are continuously just giving part of our attention to something before we switchBc it happens so quickly we really aren’t giving something our full attention* and hence the problem!Separationseparation is about making (or not making) choices about what things we will attend to**Eliminated or allowed bc its always on continuum of more or