PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Traditional Insight Therapies A Psychoanalysis B Client Centered II Behavior Therapy A Desensitization B Relaxation Technique Training C Anxiety Hierarchy III Cognitive Therapy A Beck s Therapy B Ellis s Therapy C Pennebaker s Writing Therapy IV EMDR V Evaluation of Psychotherapy VI Psychosurgery A Prefrontal Lobotomy Outline of Current Lecture I Job Analysis A Halo Effect B Hawthorne Effect II Leadership A Transactional B Transformational III Attitude A Attitude Change B Cognitive Dissonance IV Conformity A Asch Experiment V Obedience A Milgram Experiment VI Bystander Intervention VII Attributions A Internal B External These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute VIII Interpersonal Attraction IX Crowding Current Lecture l Industrial Psychologists include a systematic approach breaking jobs into work units and creating an employee manual when making a job analysis A The Halo Effect is when the same appraisal is applied to whole job performance quality volume error rate and when only a subset is appropriate B The Hawthorne Effect is other variables that contaminate attempts to focus on attention to workers ll A Transactional leaders are people who are trained and know how to manage and make the company profitable B Transformational leaders motivate and inspire people to change and move in a different direction These people may not be good managers lll Attitude includes a cognitive component beliefs info and an affective evaluative component like dislike emotions and a behavioral component intentions to act in specific ways A An attitude change can occur by persuasion repetition one sided vs two sided argument fear may not work people stop thinking when they re scared coupled with a solution source credibility physical attractiveness likability and trustworthiness B Cognitive Dissonance is the difference between attitude and behavior and how individuals resolve differences by change in attitude lV A In the Asch experiment there were 6 people in a group 5 knew about the experiment and the 6th was a volunteer The first 5 are asked which line is bigger from 2 pictures They all say line B is bigger even though it is clear line A is The 6th person knows line A is bigger but there is a 50 chance he ll say line B just to conform V Obedience Research was generated by the Holocaust They found that Nazis involved in Jewish killings appeared normal people they were only following orders A Milgram wanted to know what made people become massive killers He had college students shock another person When the authority figure was standing over them they obeyed no matter how increasingly painful the shock was getting for the other person Vl At Mt Saint Michel one day a mother struggled to save her daughter from drowning while hundreds of tourists just watched her none offering or getting her help so her daughter drowned Studies show that the more people are present when something like this happens the less likely they are to render aid because they think someone else will do it If it is just a couple people it is more likely someone will help because they feel like they must Vll A Internal Attribution is when a person s behavior is explained in terms of some characteristic of the person B External Attribution is when a person s behavior is caused by external circumstances like temperature Vlll Initial attraction is typically based on physical characteristics Physical attractiveness can be more influential than a resume when encountered first When people are rated 1 10 7 s are attracted to 7 s each number is attracted to another person with the same level of attractiveness as them lX The more crowding there is the more health problems occur The percent of medical complaints were higher in crowded cells but it is social density that affects this not spatial density The number of people in a living area are more likely to relate to stress Social density was found to be related to higher illness deaths suicides and assault Open dorms are worse because you are more aware of other people