PSYC 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I Wilhelm Wundt A Structuralism II William James A Functionalism III Sigmund Freud A Psychodynamic Approach Outline of Current Lecture I Scientific Method II Failure to Replicate A Taraxein B Dicara Experiments C Bottom Line III Studies A Experimental Studies B Observational Studies Current Lecture l A The steps of the scientific method are 1 Formulate your hypothesis 2 Design the study 3 Collect the data 4 Analyze the data to draw conclusions 5 Report the findings When conducting an experiment we have a precise which is an event related potential and an objective which is a double blind procedure and we make it public and repeatable ll A A failure to replicate means that nobody else can replicate your findings even when they perform the same exact experiment in the same exact place Taraxein was something found in the spinal fluid of schizophrenic patients Robert Heath claimed he had found the taraxein which caused people to be schizophrenic and if he placed the Taraxein in a normal human being they would act like schizophrenic patients Nobody else could These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute repeat his findings and it was discovered that his employees whom he performed the procedure on were faking it to make him look good B In Dicara s experiment he claimed he could train rats to control bodily functions like heart rate and blood pressure No one could replicate his results and they even made him do it again in his own lab and found that he had lied about the results of his experiment and they are no longer accepted as real C The bottom line is that when performing an experiment use precise measurement and you must be protected against bias You cannot perform an experiment on employees or people you pick out and who know what is going on You also must make your findings public so others can try and repeat or replicate your findings to make sure they are real or fake lll A Experiments can establish casual relationships and you can use tests questionnaires surveys and case studies In an experiment you must have a control group a control condition an experimental group an experimental condition an independent variable and a dependent variable In an experiment you can have multiple designs such as a random sample a random subject assignment an experimental group a control group and you must measure the dependent variable in both groups The correlation statistic reveals strength and direction of the relationship studied but the correlation does not reveal causation B An observational study consists only of observing the subject and taking notes on its behavior Jane Goodall did an observational study of chimps and how they behaved in different situations and did not directly interfere to get results
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