PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I Mnemonics II Thought A Definition of a concept B Formal Rules and Prototypes C Concepts III Problem Solving A Algorithm B Heuristic IV Framing Effects A Definition of Functional Fixedness V Mental Set A Belief Perseverance VI Language A Definition of Phoneme B Definition of Morpheme C Definition of Syntax D Definition of Semantics VII Origins of Language A Skinner B Chomsky C Children VIII Animal Language A Monkeys B Parrots IX Intelligence A Reliability B Validity C Alfred Binet s Test D Stanford Binet Test Outline of Current Lecture I Stanford Binet Test II Wechsler Test III IQ These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute A Deviation IQ B Wechsler s IQ Measure IV Raven s Test V School Performance VI Sternberg VII Gardner VIII Genetics of Intelligence IX Intelligence and Age A Fluid Intelligence B Crystallized Intelligence Current Lecture l The Stanford Binet test used verbal reasoning quantitative reasoning figural abstract pictures and short term memory in their tests Verbal Reasoning focused on vocab comprehension absurdities and verbal relations Quantitative reasoning was with arithmetic or a number series Figural Abstract focused on patterns analysis and short term memory focused on sentence memory digits memory and objects memory ll The Wechsler Test was created in the late 1940 s and it became the most commonly used type of test This test contained a verbal scale and a performance scale The verbal scale dealt with comprehension vocab info similarities arithmetic and digit span The performance scale dealt with object assembly block design picture completion picture arrange and digit symbol Wechsler introduced performance tests which were not dependent upon good verbal skills lll A Deviation IQ was used when it became clear that an IQ based on mental age would not work with adults The Deviation IQ Score was developed as an alternative measure B In Wechsler s IQ Measure he assumed intelligence values were disrupted as a bellshaped curve of scores He made the test scores for each subtest yield a bell shaped curve He made the mean of a test equal 100 and the standard deviation of test scores 15 This was done by manipulating the difficulty of the level of test items lV Raven s Test used progressive matrices developed by J C Raven This test performance didn t depend on verbal ability or cultural experiences The Wechsler Test underestimated the measured intelligence for autistic people as compared to the Raven Test where autistic children scored 20 points higher because they did not have to communicate with someone V Current IQ scores can only account for about 25 of school performance As we leave the academic environment and grow older our IQ scores go down Vl Sternberg believed there were three different types of intelligence and that the current intelligence tests of that day only measure 1 of the 3 In his system there was practical analytic and creative people Practical people apply use and do creative people create invent and design Analytic people which was the only type tested in the Wechsler and Raven tests analyzed compared and evaluated Vll Gardner believed there were 9 different types of intelligence and that current tests only test 2 out of the 9 Current tests used linguistic intelligence reading a book and logical Mathematical Intelligence solving math problems Spatial Intelligence was getting from one place to another musical intelligence was like singing a song Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence was like dancing or playing sports Interpersonal Intelligence was relating to other people while Intrapersonal Intelligence was understanding one s self Naturalist Intelligence was understanding patterns in the natural world and existentialist intelligence was pondering things like the meaning of life Vlll In IQ scores of identical twins reared apart and then tested genetics correlated about 50 of intelligence However it was later discovered that these twins reared apart did not have drastically different environments so they lowered it to about 40 of intelligence is associated with genetics and 60 is associated with environment lX A Fluid Intelligence is what young people have This is intelligence that means someone is quick at coming up with a solution to a new problem B Crystallized Intelligence is when there are a growing number of solutions that ve been successful in common problems As we grow older we get this and our capacity for new learning gradually declines and problem solving becomes more dependent on past learning